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Huitepec resumen
pMix *y > x retained - before front vowels (i,e), oral + nasal *x>xy l_e, perhaps *x>0/#_i (see *xiyo, *xito~) but contrast 91 comio ñe xiči *k > x l_V~ s } Otherwise *k retained - split of *k, w/ consequent merger of *k/_v with *x/_V~ *kw > xw /_V~ s s s
*yɨkɨ~ > žɨxɨ~ calabaza now you have X before front and back vowels (tho only back nasal) much more balanced load > > *yexi~ > žahxi~ʔ jicara > > *yuxe~ > žuxye~ masa > >
/X/ before nasal vowels sometimes gives it nasal quality? ----- and similar, perhaps convergent development of h [N] from *t/_V~ *t>tn/_V~. >Nn > n *yeti~ > žaNni near (esta' cerca) possible confusions - further merger between * t and * k, *x *siti~ > dixi~ nariz (instead of expected dihni dinni) (I seem to have this from 2 sources - Raul's tape + my Oax interview? - so should be okay) (*tiyu~ʔ > xiʔu trabajo (instead of hniʔu) Raul's tape: hni~ñuʔ (Oax Data)) *kɨʔɨ > hni~ʔi~ voy (instead of xɨ~ʔi~) (Raul's Tape)) feather, four + black: minimal tone pairs or homonyms *toʔo~ > hnu~ʔu~ palabra (rather than xuʔu or xumi) *towi~ > (both from Oax and Raul's tape)
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Huitepec- resume p2 Q? where did the abnormal č's come from? čani sobrino *saxi~ ču~ʔu~ quemar *xaʔwi~ čɨ(ʔ)ɨ cerro čabi huarache ču~u~ galelina dɨʔyɨ čaa sarampion other developments 1) *wi reduction- only 2 examples out of 9; no apparent patternperhaps with dialect loans (petate, pluma) by trade 2a) *w ) m/_V~ yes, except when already reduced by #1 2b * y ) ñ/ CV_V~ yes 3) *t ) tn ) Nn yes 4) *s ) d yes but there are some s very few - loans- semana, santo, siento- se dependent 3 per pronoun see #32, 49, 72 5) *x ) s no *x retained 6) s ) šl - vant no there are no š 7a) *t ) č/_i yes 11) *e ) a mostly no- only 2 out of 8 7b) *t ) č/_ e no 12) *t ) s/_ ɨ no check these out again carefully 8a) *t ) ty / - vant no 13) *ɨ ) i~ no 8b) *nd ) ndy / _Vant no 14) *y ) ñ/ #_V~ yes 9) *n ) ñ / _Vant no 15) *y ) 0 / #_i no 10) *o ) u yes 16) *y ) ž mostly
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Huitepec- [ ? ], p 3 rule summary - Huitepec has a unique phonolosical history and seems to have developed a phonological structure[ ] [ ] is the other languages (see fricative series, for example), It appears to be most like Peñoles and perhaps Tilantongo, differing in the weak presence of Rule # 1 in Huitepec ( * wi reduction), and in the lack of any s or s frictatives (no rule 5 or 6; * returned and * s > of, no s or s from other sources, except rare occurencies, like - se, 3 pg. dependent pronoun)
pMix t k kw s x Fase 1 Rule 4 s d t k kw d x Fase 2+3 no change Fase 4 Rule 7a t č t č k kw d x
Modern Huitepec t k kw d (s) x nd č b = w l y = ž m ñ ñ
6 vowels
Check rule 8 Tututepec connection? x xy t ty nd ndy_i?, u? _e ñ ñy
ty / _e check tyaa~, él
žeʔe pie xeʔe 57
Oddities not covered more ɨ reflexes (xɨmɨʔ cuatro) some l:s:nd? type correspondences palatalizations xy, ty, ndy, ñy b/w and ž/y still vary considerably some k/x variation indicates k may still be base form for speakers some unusual x reflexes as in ñeʔu quince, ñita cantar some regular final ʔ