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those which form its different mouths : also the island of its name, inhabited by the Guaranos Indians.
CAPUXA, a small settlement of the jurisdiction and alcaldía mayor of Ixmiquilpán, and of the capital of Orizava, in Nueva España.
CAQUETA, a very large and abundant river rising in the province of Sucumbios in the kingdom of Quito, in the mountains of Mocoa, this name being also given to it: it runs from w. to e. On the s. it gathers the waters of the San Pedro, Santa Cruz, and Arevalo, and on the n. those of the Lucia, Pato, Tango, Tabaquero, Cascabeles, Iscanzé, and others of an inferior description. It divides itself into two arms, the one of which takes the name of Yupura, and which, running nearly to the same point as the Marañon, separates itself into other branches, which enter into this latter river in 4° of lat. and immediately become as large and considerable as if they were the main stream : the other arm is also divided into two, the one taking a n. e. course, and entering the Orinoco, and the other running s. e. and bearing the name of the Rio Negro ; by means of which, in the year 1744, some Portuguese came from Marañon to Orinoco, and proved the communication of these rivers, which before was doubted : also by one of the arms of the Yupura, Gonzalo Ximenes de Quesada found his way to the new kingdom of Granada when he undertook its conquest. Some maintain that this river was the Orinoco, and thus has Don Pedro Maldonado represented it in his map published in the year 1750; but that of the Father Bernado Rosella, missionary of the abolished society of the Jesuits in Orinoco, made after the notes and instructions of the Father Manuel Roman, attributes with some confidence another origin to the Orinoco, and speaks of the Caquetá as one of the rivers which enter it on the w. side. The Spanish geographer Cruz, in his General Chart of America, makes no distinction between the Yupura and the Caquetá, and only speaks of one stream, which runs continually to the s. s. e. through the territory of the Cavauris Indians, before it enters the Marañon. He delineates the same as throwing out four branches to the w. and three to the e. all which join the latter river ; and he further states, that before it becomes thus divided, it forms on its n. side two large lakes called Ynabavú and Cumapi ; from the whole of which may be easily inferred how great is the abundance of its waters.
CAQUEZA, a settlement of the corregimiento of Ubaque in the new kingdom of Granada, situate in a warm but pleasant and agreeable soil, although much infested by venomous snakes called tayas :
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it abounds in the productions of a warm climate, contains more than 200 housekeepers, and is nine leagues to the s. w. of Santa Fe, in the road which leads from San Juan de los Llanos to this capital.
CAQUIAUIRI, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Pacages in Peru.
CAQUINGORA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Pacages in Peru.
CARA, an ancient province of the kingdom of Quito towards the w. It extends itself along the coast of the Pacific sea from the point of Pajonal to the bay of Quaquez, for the space of 19 or 20 leagues ; is watered by the rivers Tasagua and Chonos to the s. and by the Jama to the n. The whole of the lands lie low, and are uncultivated and full of wood ; the climate is hot and moist. It is at present united to the province of Esmeraldas.
CARA, the capital, which is now destroyed, was founded by Francisco de Ribas in the year 1562. It was situate in the bay of Cara, which is formed by the mouths of the two rivers Tasagua and Chones : its ruins are still to be seen, and from these was built the settlement of Canoa, at six leagues distance, which was the residence of the lieutenant governor. This settlement was in 31' s. lat.
Cara, with the addition of BELLA, a small settlement of the Portuguese in the province and captainship of Puerto Seguro in Brazil ; situate at the source of the river Prieto, and in the territory or country of the Pories Indians.
CARABAIA, a province and corregimiento of Peru, bounded on the e. by Larecaja, w. by Quispicanchi, n. w. and n. by the territories of the infidel Indians, called Carangues, Sumachuanes, and others, who are separated by the famous river Inambary; s. w. by the province of Canes and Canches or Tinta, and s. by Lampa and Asangaro, and in part by Puno or Paucarcolla. According {o the nice measurements which were made with regard to this province as well as of the others, it is said to be 40 leagues from n. to s. and 50 at the most from e. to w. Its furtherest limits are only 14 leagues distant from Cuzco, although on horseback it is necessary to go a round of 60 leagues. Its climate is various, according to the more or less elevated situation of the country; so that it is in some parts very cold, and in others more temperate. The pastures are good, consequently there is no want of cattle, and in the neighbourhood of the Andes they gather three or four crops of coca in the year. In this province is included that called San Gaban, which was united to it; many settlements having been at the same time added to the provinces of Larecaja, Lampa and Asangaro. It has abounded more in gold than any other province
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in America, and they reckon the gold it has produced at 33 millions of dollars, without counting that which has been concealed ; but at present they scarce procure from it 200 pound weight a year, on account of the increased charges of labour, and the want of energy in the inhabitants. Many lumps of gold have been found here, among which there is still remembered to have been one of the figure of a horse, which weighed 100 weight and some odd pounds, and which was carried to the Emperor Charles V. ; and likewise another lump which was sent to Philip II. bearing a resemblance to the head of a man, which, however, was lost together with much other riches in the channel of Bahama. This latter lump was found in the washing place of Ynahuaya. Nearly the whole of the territory of this province is interspered with gold. The most celebrated washing places that it had were called San Juan del Oro, Paulo Coya, Ananea, and that which was superior to all, Aporoma. In the year 1713, a lump of silver also was discovered in the mountain of Ucuntaya, being of a very solid piece of metal, and of prodigious value ; in its rivers are found sands of gold, to which at certain times of the year, the Indians have recourse, in order to pay their tributes. There are also other mines of silver and copper in various parts, and springs of hot water. It is very liable to earthquakes, and according to the tradition of the Indians, there was one which took place before the conquest, so large as to overturn mountains, and that, opening the earth, it swallowed up in an abyss many towns with their inhabitants. They likewise assert, that in the year 1747, another earthquake, throwing out of the ground a dirty and muddy water, thereby infected the rivers to such a degree as to cause a dreadful and general mortality. It has some large rivers as well as small ; all of which empty themselves into the Ynambari, thus rendering this river extremely abundant : towards the n. and n. e. which, as we have observed, is bounded by the infidel Indians, there are large tracts of ground covered with coca and rice, with an abundance of mountain fruits. In the aforesaid river they are accustomed to take shad and large dories by shooting them with muskets, or by piercing them with arrows or darts. There are also some lakes, which, although without fish, abound in ducks, snipes, and other aquatic fowl. The infidel Indians have made various irruptions into this province: its capital is Sandia, and its natives, who amount to 28,000, are divided into 26 settlements, as follows : The repartimiento received by the corregidor used to amount to 82,800 dollars, and it paid 662 yearly for alcavala.
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Sandia, Coaza,
Cuiocuio. Cruzero,
Laqueique, Ajoiani,
Yñacoreque, Usicaios,
Queneque, Esquena,
Patambuco, Cuntuquita,
S. Juan del Oro, Ynambari,
Quiaca, Ayapata,
Sina, Ytuata,
Para, Macusani,
Limbani, Ollachea,
Chejani, Azaroma,
Aporoma, Corani.
CARABAILLO, a river of the province and corregimiento of Cercado in Peru. It rises in the province of Canta from three lakes to the n. of the capital, and continues its course until it join the sea close to the point of Marques.
CARABAILLO, a settlement of this province and corregimiento.
CARABANA, a river of the province and government of Guayana, which runs to the s. and enters the Orinoco between the Corquina and the Arrewow. According to Bellin, in his map of the course of part of the Orinoco, it is distant from the other river called Corobana, which also enters the Orinoco on the opposite side.
CARABATANG, a river of the province and captainship of Rio Grande in Brazil. It rises in the sierra of the Tiguares Indians, near the coast, runs s. s. e. and enters the sea between the Cong and the Goyana.
CARABELAS, River of the, in the province and captainship of Puerto Seguro in Brazil. It rises in the cold sierra of the Pories Indians, runs s. e. and according to Cruz, e. and enters the sea opposite the bank of the Escollos (hidden rocks).
Carabelas, Grandes, a port of the island of Cuba, on the n. part.
Carabelas, Chicas, a bay in the same island, and on the same coast, between the settlement of Guanajo and the Puerto del Poniente (w. port.)
CARABERES. See article Guarayos.
CARABUCO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Omasuyos in Peru ; in the vicinity of which are the ruins of a chapel, which was dedicated to St. Bartholomew ; and the Indians have a tradition that the above-mentioned saint appeared here and preached the gospel to them : thus, in the principal altar of the church, they reverence a large cross of very strong wood, and which is celebrated for having wrought many miracles ; splinters of it being anxiously sought after by the faithful, wherefrom to form small crosses ;
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and it is, indeed, pretty generally believed that this cross was left here by the above apostle.
CARAC, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Canta in Peru ; annexed to the curacy of Lampian.
CARACARA, an ancient and small province of Charcas in Peru, to the s. of Cuzco, and the last of those conquered by the sixth Emperor or Inca.
CARACARES, a large lake of the province and government of Paraguay. It is 26 leagues in length, and has many fertile islands, inhabited by barbarian Indians, and empties itself through a canal into the river Paraná on the e. side. It is in 30° 41' s. lat.
CARACAS, Santiago de Leon de, a capital city of the province of Venezuela, founded by Diego Losada in the year 1566, in a beautiful and extensive valley of more than four leagues in length. It is of a very mild temperature, being neither troubled with excessive heat or cold. It is watered by four rivers, which fertilize its territory, and make it abound as well in delicate waters as in exquisite fruits and flowers: the streets are wide and straight, the buildings elegant and convenient, and it is ornamented by four marts. It is the seat of the bishopric, erected in the city of Coro in 1532, and translated to this spot in 1636. It has a beautiful cathedral church, besides some parish chapels, which are Nuestra Señora de Alta Gracia ; San Pablo, which is also an hospital, and Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, out of the walls of the city. There is also an hospital De la Caridad (of charity) for women ; a convent of the religious order of Santo Domingo, in which is held in high respect the wonderful image of the Virgin of the Rosary, presented by Philip II. There is another convent of San Francisco, in which is preserved a piece of the wood of the cross left by the Governor Don Martin de Robles Villafañate ; another of our Lady of La Merced ; a monastery of religious women of La Concepcion ; another of the Carmelites Descalzas (barefooted) ; a college and seminary for the education of youth, with five cathedrals ; four hermitages dedicated to San Mauricio, Santa Rosalia de Palermo, La Divina Pastora, and La Santisima Trinidad. Charles II. granted to this city the privilege of allowing its alcaldes to govern the province in the vacancy of a governor ; and Philip V. permitted a commercial company of Biscayans to be established, who reaped considerable affluence, especially in the artiles of cacoa and sugar, the chief source of its revenues ; but this company was abolished in the reign of Charles III. in the year 1778 ; which circumstance was considered by the city and the pro-
vince as a most considerable privilege. The number of inhabitants amounts to about 1000, besides an infinity of people of colour by whom it is inhabited. The natives have shown themselves to be of an ingenuous disposition, clever, affable, and courteous. Its arms are a grey lion rampant in a field of silver, having between his arms a scollopshell of gold, with the cross of Santiago ; and the crest is a crown with five points of gold. It was sacked in 1566 by Sir Francis Drake, who came thither in an English cruiser ; also by the French in 1679. It is three leagues distant from the port of Guaira. Long. 67° w. Lat. 10° 30' n.
The bishops who have presided in this city.
1. Don Rodrigo Bastidas, dean of the holy church of St. Domingo, the chief of the visitation of the bishopric of Puertorico; elected on the 27th October 1535, and who died in 1542.
2. Don Miguel Gerónimo Ballesteros, dean of the church of Cartagena of the Indies ; elected in 1543.
3. Don Fr. Pedro de Agreda, of the order of St. Domingo, collegiate of San Gregorio of Valladolid ; presented to this bishopric in 1558, and taking possession of it 1560. In his time the city was sacked by the English : he died in 1580.
4. Don Fr. Juan de Manzanillo, of the order of St. Domingo ; presented in the year 1582 ; he rebuilt the church, and died in 1593.
5. Don Fr. Diego Salinas, of the order of St. Domingo, native of Medina del Campo, collegiate of San Gregorio de Valladolid, prior in different convents, procurator-general in the court, and elected bishop in the year 1600 : in the following year he died.
6. Don Fr. Pedro Martin Palomino, of the order of St. Domingo ; elected in 1601 : he died the same year.
7. Don Fr. Pedro de Oña, native of Burgos, of the order of our Lady of La Merced ; he was evening lecturer in the university of Santiago, elected bishop in 1601, canonized in the convent of Valladolid, and before he came to his church, was promoted to the bishopric of Gaeta, in the kingdom of Naples, in 1604.
8. Don Fr. Antonio de Alcega, of the order of St. Francis ; he Avas formerly married, and held the office of accountant to the royal estates in Yucatán, when he became a widower, and giving all he possessed as alms to the poor, he took to a religious life, and Philip III. being charmed with his virtues presented him to this bishopric in 1664 ; he celebrated the synod in Caracas the year following, and died in 1609.
9. Don Fr. Juan de Bohorques, native of Mex-
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ico, of the religious order of St. Dominic ; elected bishop in 1610, and was from thence translated to the bishopric of Oaxaca.
10. Don Fr. Gonzalo de Angulo, of the order of St. Francis, native of Valladolid ; he was superior of the convent of Segovia, difinidor of the province of Castilla, qualificator of the inquisition ; elected bishop in 1617, visited his bishopric, where he spent more than three years, confirmed 3000 persons, and founded many grammar-schools ; he died in 1633.
11. Don Juan Lopez Agurto de la Mata, native of the Mandof Tenerife, canon of the church of the Puebla de los Angeles, prebendary of that of Mexico, rector of the college of Los Santos, and lecturer in its university ; he was elected bishop of Puertorico in 1630, and promoted to this in 1634 ; in which time the cathedral was removed for the sake of security: in 1637 he died.
19. Don Fr. Mauro de Tobar, of the order of St. Benedict, native of Villacastin, prior and abbot of the monastery of Valladolid, and afterwards of Monforte, preacher to Philip IV. ; elected to this bishopric in 1639: immediately upon his taking possession of it a great earthquake happened, and destroyed the cathedral, which he was rebuilding, when he was translated to the bishopric of Chiapa in 1655.
13. Don Fr. Alonso Briceño, of the order of La Merced, of the province and kingdom of Chile; he entered Caracas in the year 1659, and died in 1667.
14. Don Fr. Antonio Gonzales de Acuña, of the order of St. Dominic, postulador in the court of Rome ; he was elected bishop in 1676, and died in 1682.
15. The Doctor Don Diego de Baños and Sotomayor, native of Santa Fe of Bogotá, head collegiate of the college of the Rosario in this city, honorary chaplain to Charles II. and canon of Cuenca ; he was promoted to the mitre of Santa Marta in 1684 ; he founded the Tridentine college, having endowed the same with professorships and revenues ; and being removed to the archbishopric of Santa Fe, he died in the year 1706.
16. Don Fr. Francisco del Rincon, of the religious order of the Minims of St. Francis de Paula, native of Valladolid ; he was promoted to the archbishopric of Domingo in 1711, and from thence to that of Santa Fe in 1717.
17. Don Juan Joseph de Escalona y Calatayud, was born at Rioja, became doctor of theology at Salamanca, canon of Calahorra, and first chaplain in the court of Madrid ; he was elected bishop
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of Caracas, for his charity to the poor, in the year 1719, and thence translated to the bishopric of Mechoacau in 1728.
18. Don Joseph Feliz Valverde, native of Granada ; he passed his youth at Mexico, where he was collegiate of the college of San lldefonso, doctor of theology, and of both laws, magistrate and dean of the church of Oaxaca ; elected bishop in 1731, and promoted to the church of Mechoácan ; which last appointment he declined : he died in 1741.
19. Don Juan Garcia Padiano ; who took possession in 1742, and died in 1746.
20. Don Manuel Breton, doctoral canon of the church of Badajos ; he died in going over to be consecrated at Cordova in 1749.
21. Don Manuel Machado y Luna, honorary chaplain to his Majesty, and administrator of the college of Santa Isabel, native of Estremadura : he studied at Salamanca, obtained the title of primate of canons ; reputed for one of the wisest in ecclesiastical discipline ; was made bishop of Caracas in 1750, and died in 1752.
22. Don Francisco Julian Antolino, native of Zamora, an eminent theologist, penitentiary canon of Badajoz, and bishop of Caracas in 1753 : he died in 1755.
23. Don Miguel Argüelles, principal theologist, and curate in the archbishopric of Toledo ; elected bishop in 1756, and immediately after auxiliary bishop of Madrid.
24. Don Diego Antonio Diaz Madroñero, native of Talarrubias in Estremadura, vicar of the city of Alcalá ; he entered upon his functions in 1757, and died in 1769.
25. Don Mariano Marti, of the principality of Cataluña, ecclesiastical judge and vicar-general of the archbishopric of Tarragona, doctor in the university of Cervera ; he was promoted to the bishopric of Puertorico in 1770.
Governors and Captains-General of the province of Caracas, or Venezuela.
1. Ambrosio de Alfinge ; nominated first governor, and elected by the Weltzers: he drew up the articles of stipulation with the Emperor in the conquest of Venezuela ; was founder of the city of Coro ; took possession of the government in 1528, and retained it till 1531, when he was killed by the Indians in satisfaction of the cruelties he had committed.
2. Juan Aleman, related to the Welzers ; he, by way of precaution, assumed the title of governor while the place was vacant, and held it until the arrival of the proper person.
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3. George of Spira, a German knight, nominated by the Weltzers in 1533 : he died in 1540, leaving the title of provisional governor to,
4. Captain Juan de Villegas, a title which was enjoyed but a few days, inasmuch as the audience of St. Domingo, immediately upon their hearing of tlie death of Spira, appointed,
5. Don Rodrigo do Bastidas, bishop of that holy church ; he governed till the year 1541, and being promoted to the bishopric of Puertorico, the government in the mean time devolved upon,
6. Diego Boica, a Portuguese gentleman, a knight of the order of Christ ; he was confirmed in the government by the audience of St. Domingo ; but in a very few days after he was superseded by,
7. Enrique Rembolt, a German ; who also governed a very short time, inasmuch as the excesses that he committed, and the clamours of the inhabitants of Toro, obliged the above tribunal to send out,
8. The Licentiate Frias, fiscal of that royal audience ; he entered upon his functions in 1642, until the royal nomination of,
9. The Licentiate Juan Perez de Tolosa, native of Segovia ; a very learned and prudent man : he was chosen by the Emperor to settle the disturbances which had arisen from the administration of the Weltzers; for which reason he deprived them of it ; he entered Coro in 1546 ; and although he had not fulfilled the three years of his appointment, he was, on account of his tried abilities, confirmed in his office for another three years, and died in 1548.
10. Juan de Villegas, nominated as intermediate governor by his antecedent, until the arrival of the proprietor,
11. The Licentiate Villacinda, nominated by the Princess Doña Juana, who, in the absence of her father, the Emperor, held the reins of government in Castilla ; this governor took the reins in 1554, and died in 1557, leaving the government in charge of the alcaldes.
12. Gutierrez de la Peña, nominated provisionally bythe audience of St. Domingo ; he entered upon his functions in 1557, until the year 1559, when arrived,
13. The Licentiate Pablo Collado, who governed until the year 1562, when, on account of the appeals made against him to the audience of St. Domingo, this court sent out an inquisitorial judge, who might call him to account, and order him back to Spain : this was the Licentiate Bernaldes, whom they called “ Ojo de Plata,” (Eye of Silver), he having the defect of one of his eyes supplied by
this artificial means. He having, therefore, displaced the former governor, took the management of affairs upon himself, until the arrival of the proper person, who was nominated by the king in 1563.
14. Don Alonzo de Manzanedo, who governed a very short time since ; being of a very advanced age, he soon fell sick, and died in 1564.
15. The Licentiate Bernaldes; who having gained a certain reputation for the strictness, affability, and justice, with which he conducted himself in his provisional government, was nominaled a second time by the audience of St. Domingo, with the general acclamation of the province ; he governed until the year following, 1565, when arrived,
16. Don Pedro Ponce de Leon, a branch of the illustrious house of the Dukes of Arcos ; he had been alcalde of Conil, came to the government in the aforesaid year, and died in 1569.
17. Don Juan de Chaves, a native of Truxillo in Estremadura ; who was living as a citizen at St. Domingo at tiie time that he was appointed as provisional governor by the audience, as soon as the death of the former was known to them : he entered upon the government the same year, and held it until the year 1572.
18. Diego Mazariego ; who entered Coro in the above year, and governed until 1576, when his successor arrived, who was,
19. Don Juan Pimentel, a branch of the house of the Counts of Benavente, knight of the order of Santiago ; also the first governor who established his residence in the city of Santiago. He was called from thence to take the charge of the government, which he exercised until the year 1582, when his successor arrived.
20. Don Luis de Roxas, native of Madrid ; he entered Caracas in 1583, reigned until 1587, when he was succeeded by,
21. Don Domingo de Osorio, commander of the galleys, and chief officer of the customs of the island of St. Domingo ; at which place he was residing when he received advices relative to his succeeding the former governor : he filled his office with much diligence, and obtained considerable renown, and in the year 1597 was promoted to the presidency of St. Domingo.
22. Gonzalo de Piña Lidueña, who governed until 1600, when he died of an apoplectic fit ; and in the interval the audience of St. Domingo appointed,
23. Alonzo Arias Baca, citizen of Coro, and son of the renowned Dr. Bernaldes, who liad governed