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Las Mercedes, and an hospital for women. It contains more than 2000 inhabitants, and amongst these many illustrious families, descended from the first conquerors. The Indians here are accounted the most industrious of any in the kingdom. The leinperaturc is mild, and it abounds in fruits and pastures : here arc also mines of various metals. Here it was that Atahualpa was put to death by the Spanish, being the last Inca and Emperor of Peru ; and there is still to be seen a stone, of a yard and an half long and two-thirds wide, which serves as the foundation to the altar of the chapel where he met his fate. Of this palace, which was for the most part built of mud, but which was very large, and was afterwards converted into the prison, the chapel, and house of the corregidor, called De Cahildo, nothing has been left save a piece of wall of about 12 yards long and eight wide. It has not long been forgotten to what point the Emperor waved Ins hand,' to signify where his pursuers might find the treasure which might secure to him hisliberty. At a league’s distance, to the e. of the city, arc seen the termas, or baths, as they are called, of the Inca ; the waters of which are not so plentiful as they were formerly, although so hot as to boil an egg ; but the egg, although it appears completely done, will, if put on a common fire to boil, take just as much time as an egg which is perfectly cold ; if kept a day or more it breaks, and the smell and flavour of h, when eaten, is like mud ; but if it be not eaten until it be cold, then its flavour is similar to that of any other egg* On the banks of the stream from whence these waters flow, and in the pools formed by them, there is found a multitude of animalcule, which looked at through a microscope appear like shrimps. Lat. 6° 54' 5.
CAXAMARQUILLA y Collaos, a province and corregimiento of Peru, called also Patáz ; bounded e. by the mountains of the infidel Indians, n.e. and n. by the province of Chachapoyas, ti.zo. by that of Caxarnarca, the river Marailon flowing between the two, w. by part of the province of Conchucos, and s. by that of Iluaimalies. It is 26 leagues long from ?^. to s. and six wide, where it extends itself farthest along the e. shore of the river Maranon, Avhich divides this province from those of Conchucos and Huamachuco. Its temperature is various ; in the hollows and uneven I'laces it is mild ; in the parts lying upon the above river it is hot, and in the very lofty parts it is cold. The territory is rugged and uneven, and a level spot of ground, or Uarmra, is scarcely to be seen throughout the w'hole. On the e. side it is as it were walled in by vejy
lofty and craggy mountains, increasing in height until they gradually reach the loftiest summit: but these are the provident sources of streams which flow down from them into the Maranon, and which, together with the rains, fertilize several spots of kind, producing maize, wheat, potatoes, ocas, bark, French beans, herbs, and sugar-cane, for the working of which there are mills on the spot. Every kind of cattle is found here in moderation, and the Maranon abounds in fish. Almost all the mountains of this province have in them veins of silver and gold ore : but these are very deceitful, and as well upon this account as from the want of hands, they are for the most part abandoned. The gold mines, however, have always been worked, though the silver mines not more than 20 years back up to now, in which time some riches have been discovered ; and even at the present day the gold mines would produce 600 marks, and those of silver 3000. The trade of the mines is certainly the principal commerce of the place, and it is facilitated by four ports in the Maranon, which afford a convenient opening and communication with the other provinces. The inhabitants of this place scarcely amount to 8000, who live in 17 settlements. Its repartimiento used to amount to 50,000 dollars, and its alca'oala to 400 dollars per annum.
The settlements are,
Caxaraarquilla, the capital,
Bambamarca,
Cundarmarca,
Caleman,
Asiento de Sarumilla,
Chiiia,
Santa Isabel de Pias,
Quero,
Buldibuyo,
Santa Magda lea de Huayo, Pataz,
La Soledad, Porcos,
Challas,
Tayabamba,
Uchos,
Uchumarca.
The settlement, the capital of this province, is of the same name. Lat. 7° 36' s.
Caxamarquilla, another settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxatambo in Peru.
Caxamarquilla, another, with the surname of Gongor, in the same province and corregimiento as the former ; and thus called to distinguish it, being annexed to the cuacy of Gongor.
CAXAMARQUILLA, another, of the province and corregimiento of Huailas in Peru ; annexed to the curacy of Pampas.
Caxamarquilla, another, of the province and corregimiento of Tarma in the same king-
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dom ; annexed to the curacy of Pasco ; in which is the celebrated mountain and mine of Lauricocha.
CAXAMARQUILLA Y COLLAOS, the territory of the missions which forms part of the former province, and which is a reduccion of the infidel mountain Indians, who have been converted by the monks of St. Francis: these Indians are maintained by a portion paid by the kin«?’s procurator out of the royal coffers at Lima. They dwell to the e. of the province, and are reduced to four settlements ; two of the Ibita, and two of the Cholona nation. It is now 90 years since their foundation, and the number of Indians may at present amount to 2000. Those settlements are situate upon mountains covered with trees and thick woods ; from whence the natives procure incense, cffCflo, resinous gums, oil of Maria, dragon’s blood, the reed called bejuco^ dried fish, honey, wax, monkeys, parrots, and macaws, whicli^ are the branches of its commerce ; tliough not less so is the coca plant, which they pack up in measures of four bushels each , and carry in abundance to different parts, for the consumption of the whole province. The missionaries of the above order have made various attempts, and have spared neither pains nor labour in penetrating into the interior parts of the mountains ; having repeatedly discovered other barbarous nations, whom they would fain have reduced to the divine knowledge of the gospel.
The aforesaid settlements are,
Jesus de Sion, San Buenaventura,
Jesus de Ochonache, Pisano.
CAXATAMBO, a province and corregimiento of Peru, bounded n. by that of Huailas, n. e. by that of Conchuios, e. by that of Huamalies, s. e. by that of Tarma, s. by the part of Chancay called Checras, s. e. by the low part of Chancay, and n. w. by that of Santa. It is in length 34 leagues n. e. s. w. and 32 in width n. w. s. e. ; the greater part of it is situate in a serrama. Its temperature is consequently cold, except in the broken and uneven spots and in the low lands. Besides the productions peculiar to the serrama., this province abounds in all sorts of seeds and fruits; in all species of cattle, especially of the sheep kind, from the fleece of whicli its inhabitants manufacture much cloth peculiar to the country ; this being the principal source of its commerce. It produces some grain and cochineal, used for dyes ; and if this latter article were cultivated, it would bring great profit. Amongst tlie mountains of this province there is one called Huilagirca of fine flint, and two mines of sulphur and alcaparrosa, articles employed in the colouring of wools, not only in this province,
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but in those of Huanuco, Huamalies, and Jauja: It has also mines of good yeso or gypsum. The principal rivers by which it is irrigated, are two which rise in the same soil, and both of which enter the S. sea, after having laved the contiguous provinces ^ in former times there were fine silver mines, which are still worked, but for some reason or other, to very little profit. On the n. c. part, on some eminences, is a spot called Las Tres Cruces, (The Three Crosses), there being as many of these fixed up here to determine its boundaries, and that of the province of Santa Huailas. Its population consists of the 69 following settlements : its repartimiento used to amount to 1^0, (XX) dollars, and the akavala to 1046 dollars per annum.
Caxatambo, the ca-
Cochas,
pital,
Huanchai,
Astobambas,
Gorgor,
Uicas,
Huucahori,
Mangas,
Palpay,
Ptiequian,
Chingos,
Copa,
Caxamarquili* de
Gorgorillo,
Gorgor,
Paellon,
Churin,
Chamas,
Huacho,
Nanis,
Curay,
Chiquian,
Tancur,
Huasta,
A cay a,
Acquia,
Rap;is,
Matara,
Pachangara,
Ticllos,
Palpas, distinct from
Roca,
the other,
Corpanqui,
Naba,
Llaclla,
Oyon,
Can is,
Tinta,
Caxamarquilla,
Mallay,
Rajan,
Andajes,
Hacas,
Chimba,
Carhuapampa,
Caras,
Pimachi,
Larcha,
Machaca,
Maui,
Chilcas,
Calpa,
Ocros,
Caujul,
Cheque,
Nabdn,
Congay,
Conchas,
Copa,
Ayndeo,
Caxacay,
Ambar,
Huaillacayan,
Cocharnarca,
Yaraor,
A^arocalla,
Raclla,
Huaca,
Colquios,
Quintai.
Caxatambo, a settlement and the capital of the former province. Lat. 10° 27' s.
CAXHUACAN, S. Francisco de, a settlement of the head settlement of Teutalpan, and al-
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caldia mayor of Zacattan, in Nueva España, five leagues from its head settlement.
CAXIBARI, a settlement of the province and captainship of Itamaraca in Brazil, situate near the s. side of the town of La Concepcion.
CAXICA, or Busongote, a settlement of the corregimiento of Zipaquira in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, is of a moderately cold temperature, being agreeable and healthy, and producing much wheat, maize, barley, and other productions incidental to a cold climate. Its population amounts to 150 families, and as many families of Indians, who had in it a capital fortress, in which the Zipa or king of Bogota shut himself up in order to defend the entrance into his kingdom against the Spaniards: he was, however, routed and taken by Gonzalo Ximenez de Quesada in 1537. Is five leagues to the n. of Santa Fe.
CAXITITLAN, the alcaldia mayor and district or jurisdiction of the kingdom of Nueva Galicia, and bishopric of Guadalaxara : in its district is a large, fertile valley, abounding in every kind of seed, as maize, wheat, French beans, and various sorts of pulse : is of a mild temperature, and the district of its jurisdiction consists of six settlements : in it is the great lake or sea of Chapala : it is seven leagues s, e. of Guadalaxara. Long. 102° 43'. Lat. 20° 35'.
San Luis, Istahuacan,
Cuyatan, Santa Cruz,
Coscomatitlan, Axixiqui.
CAXITLAN, a settlement of the head settlement of Almololoyan, and alcaldia mayor of Colina, in Nueva España : it contains 30 families of Spaniards, 20 of Mustees, and five of Mulattoes : in its district are various estates of palms of Cocos, (palmasde Qocos)^ and some herds of large cattle : is seven leagues to the w. of its head settlement.
(CAYAHAGA, or Cayuga, sometimes called the Great River, empties in at the s. bank of lake Erie, 40 miles e. of the mouth of Huron ; having an Indian town of the same name on its banks. It is navigable for boats ; and its mouth is wide, and deep enough to receive large sloops from the lake. Near this are the celebrated rocks which project over the lake. They are several miles in lengtl), and rise 40 or 50 feet perpendicular out of the water. Some parts of them consist of several strata of different colours, lying in a horizontal direction, and so exactly parallel, that they resemble the work of art. The view from the land is grand, but the water presents the most magnificent prospect of this sublime work of nature ; it is attended, however, with great danger ; for if the least storm Arises, the force of the surf is such that no vessel
can escape being dashed to pieces against the rocks . Colonel Broadshead suffered shipwreck here in the late war, and lost a number of his men, when a strong wind arose, so that the last canoe narrowly escaped. The heathen Indians, when they pass this impending danger, offer a sacrifice of tobacco to the water. Part of the boundary line between the United States of America and the Indians begins at the mouth of Cayahaga, and run‘< up the same to the portage between that and the Tuscarawa branch of the Muskingum. The Cayuga nation, consisting of 500 Indians, 40 of whom reside in the United States, the rest in Canada, receive of the state of New York an annuity of 2300 dollars, besides 50 dollars granted to one of their chiefs, as a consideration for lands sold by them to the state, and 500 dollars from the United States, agreeably to the treaty of 1794. See Six Nations.)
CAYENNE, a large island of the province and government of Guayana : it is six leagues in length from n. to s. and three quarters of a league in its broadest part. On the n. side it has the sea, on the VO . the river Cayenne, on thee, the Ou>ti, and on the s. an arm which is formed by this and the Orapii. The soil is excellent, fertile, and irrigated by many streams. That part whicli looks to the n. is the most pleasant and healthy ; and in it are many mountains well cultivated and covered with country seats. The part facing the s. is much lower, and abounds in meadows, called salanas, and which arc inundated in the rainy seasons. The point of the island formed by the mouth of the river Cayenne, is called Caperoux, where there is a fortress with a French garrison, and below this a convenient and large port, capable of containing in security 100 ships. The French established themselves in this island in the year 1625, and abandoned it in 1654, when the English entered it, and were routed by Mr. de la Barre, in the year 1664. The Dutch had their revenge in 1676 : but the year following it was recovered by the French, under the command of D’Estrees, on whom the celebrated Jesuit Carlos de la Rue made the following inscription :
Joanni
Comiti Eslrceo
Vice Ameralio Cayana. Tabaco VI. Captis Batavorum Americana classe deleta
Colonii. excisis.
[The capitulation of Cayenne to the English arms, in conjunction with the Portuguese, took
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place on the 12th of January 1809 ; the English in this brave contest having been commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Marques, and Captain Yeo.J Besides the capital tliere are in this island the towns of Armire, inhabited by Jews, as likewise those of Matuiri, Matahuri, Courrou, and Conanama, inhabited by French, Negroes, Mustees, and Mulattoes ; but few by Indians, these living for the most part retired in the mountains and Avoods to the s. These towns were converted to the faith by the society of the Jesuits, who had here established a mission, Avhich afterwards fell to decay.
(The province of Cayenne is bounded on the n. by the Dutch colony of Surinam; w. by tlie woods and mountains inhabited by barbarians, and s. by the country of the Portuguese on the borders of the Maranon.) The principal rivers which water it, and which empty themselves into the Atlantic ocean, are the Cabo, Apurvaca, Cayenne, Vuya, and Barca. Its chief commerce is in sugar, Avhich is manufactured in various mills by the Negroes. (In 1752 the exports of the colony were 260,541 lbs. of arnotto, 80,365 lbs. sugar, 17,919 lbs. cotton, 26,881 lbs. coffee, 91,916 lbs. cacao, beside timber and planks.)
Cayenne, the capital of the above island, is small, well built, and populous. It is at the n. point of the island, at the foot of the castle of San ljuis, and defended by two other redoubts, the one called Courrow, and the other Sinarari, with a handsome, convenient, and large port ; the greater part of the houses, which amount to about 200, are built of wood. Besides the parish called San Salvador, there is a fine one which belonged to the Jesuits, as also an excellent house for the governor. The form of the city is an irregular hexagon, well fortified ; in Lat. 5“ n. Long. 52° 16' w.
Cayenne, a river of the above province, (which rises in the mountains near the lake of Parime, runs through the country of the Galibis, a nation of Caribe Indians, and is 100 leagues long; the island which it environs being 18 leagues in circuit.)
(CAYES, Les, a sea-port town on the s. side of the s. peninsula of the island of St. Domingo, 13 leagues w. by s. of St. Louis. Lat. 18° 12' n.)
CAYETANO, San , a settlement of the province and government of Cartagena in the kingdom of Tierra Firme ; situate on the mountain of the division of Maria ; six leagues to the n. n. e. of the swamp which takes the name of this town. It is one of those new establishments founded in the year 1776 by the Governor Don Juan Pimienia.
Cayetano San, another settlement of the province and government of La Sonora in Nueva España; situate in the country of the Sobaipuris
Indians, on the banks of a river between the settlements of San Louis, and San Francisco Xavier.
Cayetano San, another settlement of the province and captainship of Rey in Brazil ; situate on the shore of the Rio Grande.
(CAYLOMA, a jurisdiction under the bishop of Arequipa, 32 leagues e. of that city, in S. America, in Peru, famous for the silver mines in the mountains of the same name, which are very rich, though they have been worked for a long time. The country round it is cold and barren. There is an office here for receiving the king’s fifths and vending quicksilver. See Cailloma.)
(CAYMANS, three small islands, 55 leagues n. n. w. of the island of Jamaica, in the West Indies the most s. of which is called the Great Caymans, which is inhabited by 160 people, who are descendants of the old Buccaniers. It has no harbour for ships of burden, only a tolerable anchoring place on the s. w. The climate and soil are singularly salubrious, and the people are vigorous, and commonly live to a great age. 'I'hey raise all kinds of produce for their own use and to spare. Their chief employment is to pilot vessels to the adjacent islands, and to fish for turtle ; with w hich last they supply Port Royal and other places in great quantities. Great Caymans lies in Lat. 19° 15' n. Long. 81° 33' w.)
(CAYMITE, Grande, an island on the n. side of the s. peninsula of the island of St. Domingo, two leagues long and one broad.)
(CAYUGA, a beautiful lake in Onondaga, county, Ncav York, from 35 to 40 miles long, about two miles wide, in some places three, and abounds with salmon, bass, cat-fish, eels, &c. It lies between Seneca and Owasco lake, and at the n. end empties into Scayace river, which is the 5 . e. part of Seneca river, Avhose waters run to lake Ontario. On each side of the lake is a ferry-house, where good attendance is given. The reservation lands of the Cayuga Indians lie on both sides of the lake, at its n. end.)
CAZAPE, or Cazapa, a settlement of the province and government of Paraguay ; situate to the s. of the town of Espiritu Santo.
(CAZARES, a town of Mexico. See Angelo.)
CAZAUTAS, a settlement of the province and government of Antioquía ; situate in the sierra Morena, on the shore of an arm of the river San Jorge.
(CAZENOVIA, a new and thriving township in Herkemer county, New York, 40 miles w. of Whitestown. By the state census of 1796, 274 of its inhabitants are electors.)
CAZERES, San Augustin de, or San Martin
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DEL PUERTO, a city of the province and government of Antioquia in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada ; founded by Gaspar de Kodas, on the spot of the Matanza of Valdivia, in 1676. It has changed its place several times, on account of the badness of.its temperature : and, lastly, in the year 1588, it was removed by Francisco Redondo to the spot where it now stands : is one league from the river Cauca, on a very steep declivity, which is also of an unhealthy temperature, although abounding greatly in gold mines, which are, however, but little worked. Jt is the native place of,
Fr. Marcos Vetancur, provincial of St. Domingo in Santa Fe:
Fr. Lorenzo de Figueroa, of the province of San Francisco :
Don Andres de Vetancur, elected bishop of La Concepcion in Chile;
Fr. Diego de Figueroa, provincial of San Augustin in Santa Fe : and
Don Luis de Vetancur, precentor of Quito, inquisitor of Lima, and bishop-elect of Popayan ; all brothers, and men of singular virtue and learning.
CEAPA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Chilques and Marques in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Pampacucho.
CEBACO, a settlement of the province and alcaldia major of Matagalpa in the kingdom of Guatemala.
CECIL, a county, being one of the ten which compose the colony and province of Maryland.
(Cecil, a township in Washington county, Pennsylvania.)
CECILIA, Dona, a settlement of the province and government of Santa Marta in the kingdom of Tierra Firme ; situate on the shore of the large river Magdalena, opposite the lake Zapatosa, three leagues from the town of Mompox.
CECONTEPEC, a settlement of the province and alcaldia major of San Salvador in the kingdom of Guatemala.
(CEDAR Point, a port of entry in Charles county, Maryland, on the e. side of Potowmac river, about 12 miles below port Tobacco, and 96 s. by w. of Baltimore. Its exports are chiefly tobacco and Indian corn, and in 1794 amounted in value to 18,593 dollars.)
(Cedar Point, a cape on the w. side of Delaware bay, in St. Mary’s county, Maryland.)
(Cedar Lick, a salt spring in the state of Tennessee, 19 miles from Nashville, four from Big spring, and six from Little spring.)
Cedar, a river of the province and colony of
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Pennsylvania, which traverses New Jersey, and enters the sea.
Cedar, another small river of the province and colony of Delaware, which runs e. and enters the sea in the bay of its name.
Cedar, a small island of South Carolina; situate within the strait of Parapticoe.
Cedar, another island of the province and colony of Maryland, between that of Chingoteag and that of Little Matompkin.
CEDAZOS, a settlement of the head settlement and alcaldia mayor of Zapopan in Nueva España, in which dwell some Maslees, Mulattoes, and Indians, who live by cultivating seeds.
CEDROS, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Paucartambo in Peru ; annexed to the curacy of Challabamba.
Cedros, another settlement in the province and government of Cinaloa ; situate on the shore of the river Mayo, on the confines of the province of Astimuri.
Cedros, a river of New France or Canada. It runs s. e. and enters the lake Erie near the mouth of the strait of Misigagues.
CEGUEHUE, a small river of the province and government of Quijos y Macas in the kingdom of Quito. It enters, a little way from its source, into the Azuela.
CELAYA, a town of the intendancy of Guanaxuato in the kingdom of Nueva Espana. Sumptuous edifices have been recently constructed here, as also at Queretaro and Guanaxuato. The church of the Carmelites of Celaya has a fine appearance ; it is adorned with Corinthian and Ionic columns. Its height is 1833 metres, or 6018 feet.
CELEDIN, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxamarca in Peru.
CELLACACA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Chichas and Tarija in Peru.
CENDRE, a cape or point of land of the coast of Acadia.
CENEGUANGA, a settlement of the province and government of Santa Marta in the kingdom of Tierra Firme; situate on the coast near the river Piedras.
CENEGUETAS, a settlement of the province and government of Guayaquil in the kingdom of Quito.
CENGUYO, San Pedro de, a settlement of the head settlement of Yrimbo, and alcaldia mayor of Maravatio, in the bishopric of Mechoacan, and kingdom of Nueva Espaiia. It contains 60 families of Indians, and is two leagues to the n. zo. of its head settlement.