ENPages That Mention Isla de Cuba
The geographical and historical dictionary of America and the West Indies [volume 1]
538
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vince and government of Buenos Ayres, founded in ]629, in lat. 29° 29' 1" 5.] t])Cruz, Santa, an island oftheN. sea,^one of the Antilles, 22 leagues long and five wide. Its territory is fertile, but the air unhealthy at certain seasons, from the low situation. It has many rivers, streams, and fountains, with three very good and convenient ports. It was for a long while desert, until some English settled themselves in it, and began to cultivate it; afterwards the French possessed themselves of it, in 1650, and sold it the following year to the knights of Malta, from whom it was bought, in 1664, by the West India company. In 1674, it was incorporated with the possessions of the crown by the king of France. Its inhabitants afterwards removed to the island of St. Domingo, demolished the forts, and sold it to a company of Danes, of Copenhagen, who now possess it. It was the first of the Antilles which was occupied by the Spaniards ; is SO leagues
from the island of St. Christopher’s, eight from Puertorico, six from that of Boriquen, and five from that of St. Thomas. It abounds in sugars cane and tobacco, as also in fruits, which render it very delightful. [It is said to produce SO, 000 or 40,000 hhds. of sugar annually, and other W. India commodities, in tolerable plenty. It is in a high state of cultivation, and has about 3000 white inhabitants and 30,000 slaves. A great proportion of the Negroes of this island have embraced Christianity, under the Moravian missionaries, whose influence has been greatly promotive of its prosperity.
The official value of the Imports and Exports of Santa Cruz were, in
1809, imports ^^435,378, exports ^ig84,964.
1810, 422,033, 89,949.
And the quantities of the principal articles im--
ported into Great Britain were, in
Coffee.
Sugar.
Rum.
Cotton Wool.
Brit. Plant.
For. Plant.
Brit. Plant.
For. Plant.
Cwt.
Cwt.
Cwt.
Cwt.
Galls.
Lbs.
1809, 297
1479
280,211
374
181,594
610,903
1810, 31
290,933
236,307
174,294
Santa Cruz is in lat. 70° 44' n. Long. 64° 43' w. See West Indies.]
Cruz, Santa, a small island in the straits ©f Magellan, opposite cape Monday. The Admiral Pedro Sarmiento took possession of it for the crown of Spain, that making the tenth time of its being captured.
Cruz, Santa, a small island of the coast of Brazil, in the province and captainship of Rey, between that coast and the island of Santa Catalina.
Cruz, Santa, a sand -bank or islet near the n. coast of the island of Cuba, and close to the sandbank of Cumplido.
Cruz, Santa, a point of the coast of the province and government of Honduras, called Triunfo de la Cruz, (Triumph of the Cross), between the port of La Sal and the river Tian, SO leagues from the gulf, in lat. 15° 40'.
Cruz, Santa, a port of the coast which lies between the river La Plata and the straits of Magellan. On one side it has the Ensenada Grande, or Large Bay, and on the other the mountain of Santa Ines. Lat. 50° 10' s.
==Cruz, Santa, a river of the coastwhich lies between the river La Plata and the straits of Magellan. It runs into the sea.
Q
Cruz, Santa, a small river of the province and captainship of Los Ilheos in Brazil. It rises near the coast, runs e. and enters the sea between the Grande and the Dulce, opposite the shoals ofS. Antonio.
Cruz, Santa, another, of the province and captainship of Seara in the same kingdom. It rises near the coast, runs n. and enters the sea between the point of Palmeras and that of Tortuga,
Cruz, Santa, another, of the province and government of Maracaybo. It rises in the sierra of Perija, runs e. and enters the great lake on the w. side.
Cruz, Santa, a lake of the province and country of the Chiquitos Indians in Peru, formed from a drain issuing from the side of the river Paraguay, opposite the cordillera of San Fernando.
Cruz, Santa, a small island of the gulf of California, or Mar Roxo de Cortes; situate near the coast, between the two islands of Catalana and San Joseph.
Cruz, Santa, a small port of the island of Curacao, in the w. part, opposite the island of Oruba.
Cruz, Santa, a mountain on the coast of the Malvine or Falkland isles.
Cruz, Santa, a cape or point of the coast of thx
CUBA.
545
[unexpectedly into one of their houses of worship, found the cacique employed in obtaining responses from the zemi. By the sound of the voice which came from the idol, they knew that it was hollow, and dashing it to the ground to expose the imposture, they discovered a tube which was before covered with leaves, that communicated from the back part of the image to an inner apartment, whence the priest issued his precepts as through a speaking trumpet ; but the cacique earnestly entreated them to say nothing of what they had seen, declaring that by means of such pious frauds, he collected tributes, and kept his kingdom in subjection. Happily, however, the general system of their superstition, though not amiable, was not cruel. We find among them but few of those barbarous ceremonies which filled the Mexican temples with pollution, and the spectators with horror.
5. Their arts . — Our islanders had not only the skill of making excellent cloth from their cotton, but they practised also the art of dyeing it with a variety of colours; some of them of the utmost brilliancy and beauty. The piraguas were fully sufficient for the navigation they were employed in, and indeed were by no means contemptible seaboats. We are told that some of these vessels Avere navigated with forty oars ; and Herrera relates, that Bartholomew Columbus, in passing through the gulf of Honduras, fell in with one that was eight feet in breadth, and in length equal to a Spanish galley. Over the middle was an awning,, composed of mats and palm-tree leaves ; underneath Avhich were disposed the women and children, secured both from rain and the spray of the sea. It Avas laden with commodities from Yucatan. These vessels Avere built either of cedar, or the great cotton-tree hollowed, and made square at each end like punts. Their gunnels Avere raised Avith canes braced close, and smeared over with some bituminous substance to render them Avatertight, and they had sharp keels. Our islanders far surpassed most other savage nations in the elegance and variety of their domestic utensils and furniture, their earthenware, curiously Avoven beds, and implements of husbandry. Martyr speaks Avith admiration of the Avorkmanship of some of the former of these. In the account he gives of a magnificent donation from Anacoana to Bartholomew Columbus, on his first visit to that princess, he observes, that among other valuables she presented him with 14 chairs of ebony beautifully wrought, and no less than 60 vessels of different sorts, for the use of his kitchen and table,
VOL. I.
air of which Avere ornamented Avith figures of various kinds, fantastic forms, and accurate representations of living animals. The industry and ingenuity of our Indians therefore must have greatly exceeded the measure of their wants.]
Bishops who have presided in the island of Cuba.
1. Don Fray Juan de Ubite, a monk of the order of St. Francis ; elected first bishop in 1525, and although not placed in the catalogue of this church by Gil Gonzalez Davila, he certainly presided here as bishop.
2. Don Fray Bernardo de Mesa, of the order ofSt. Dominic, native of Toledo ; he died in 1538.
3. Den Fray Juan of Flanders, and native of this country, of the religious order of St. Dominic ; he left the bishopric from being appointed confessor to the queen of France, Dona Lconor ; succeeded by,
4. Don Fray Miguel Ramirez de Salamanca, native of Burgos, of the order of St. Dominic, master in his religion, preacher to the Emperor Charles V. collegian in the college of San Gregorio of Valladolid, regent in the university of Lobayna, and bishop of Cuba, in 1539.
5. Don F?'ay Diego Sarmiento, native of Burgos, a Carthusian monk, prior of the convent of Santa Maria de las Cuevas of Seville ; elected bishop in 1540 : he renounced the bishopric after having made the visitation of the whole island, and returned to Spain.
6. Don Fernando de Urango, native of Azpeitia in Guipuzcoa, collegian of the college of St. Bartholomew in Salamanca, master and professor of theology ; elected bishop in 1551; he died in 1536.
7. Don Bernardino de Villalpando ; he governed until 1569.
8. Don Juan del Castillo, native of La Orden in the bishopric of Burgos, collegiate of the college of Sigiienza, and of that of St. Bartholomew in Salamanca, professor of arts ; elected bishop in 1567 ; he goA^erned until 1580, Avhenhe renounced his functions, and returned to Spain.
9. Don Antonio Diaz de Salcedo, of the order of St. Francis, collegiate of St. Clement of Bolonia, renoAvned for his virtues and letters ; elected in 1580, through the renunciation of the former, and promoted to the church of Nicaragua in 1597.
10. Don Fray Bartolome de la Plaza, of the order of St. Francis, in the same year, until 1602.
11. Don Fray Juan Cabezas, of the order of St. Dominic, native of Zamora ; he studied laAvs and
4 A
546
CUBA.
canons in Salamatica, passed over to the Indies as vicar of the province of Santa Cruz in the Spapish island, came to Spain at the general capitulation, and was elected bishop of Cuba in 1602 ; he attempted to translate the cathedral to the Havana, but did not succeed ; visited Florida, and was promoted to the mitre of Guatemala in 1610.
12. Dm Fray Alonso Enriquez de Armendariz, of the order of Nuestra Senora de la Merced, native of Navarra; was comendador of Granada, titular bishop of Sidonia, and nominated to Cuba in 1610; he wrote, by order of the king, a spiritual and temporal relation of his bishopric, and w’as promoted to that of Mechoacan in 1624.
13. Don Fray Gregorio de Alarcon, of the order of St. Augustin ; elected in the same year ; died in the voyage.
14. Don Leon de Cervantes, native of Mexico ; he studied in Salamanca, and was collegiate in the university of Sigiienza, school-master in the church of Santa Fe, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, bishop of Santa Marta, and promoted to this see in 1625, and from this to that of Guadalaxara, in 1631.
15. Don Fray Geronimo Manrique de Lara, of the order of Nuestra Sefiora de la Merced, twice comendador of Olmedo, difinidor of the province of Castille, and master in sacred theology ; elected bishop of Cuba in 1631 ; he died in 1645.
16. Don Martin de Zelaya Ocarriz, in 1645.
17. Don Nicolas de la Torre, native of Mexico, first professor of theology in its university, four limes rector of the same, canon of that metropolitan church, first chaplain of the college of Nuestra Senora de la Caridad, examiner-general of the archbishopric, and visitor-general of the convents ; presented to the bishopric of Cuba in 1646 ; died in 1652.
18. Don Juan de Montiel, until 1656.
19. Don Pedro de Reyna Maldonado, native of Lima, a celebrated writer, who governed until 1658.
20. Don Juan de Santa Matia Saenz de Manosca, native of Mexico, inquisitor of that capital ; elected in 1661, promoted to the church of Guatemala in 1667.
21. Don Fray Bernardo Alonso de los Rios, of the order of La Trinidad Calzada, until 1670.
22. Don Gabriel Diaz Vara and Caldron, until 1674.
23. Don Juan Garcia de Palacios, until 1680.
24. Don Fray Baltasar de Figueroa y Guinea, a Bernard ine monk, until 1683.
,25. Don Diego Ebelino dc Compostela, in 1685.
26. Don Fray Geronimo de Valdes, Basilican monk; elected, in 1703, bishop of Portorico, and promoted to this in 1706.
27. Don Fray Francisco de Yzaguirre, of the religious order of St. Augustin ; he governed until 1730.
28. Don Fray Gaspar de Molina y Oviedo, of the order of St. Augustin ; elected in 1730, promoted before he took possession of the bishopric of Malaga to the government of the cogncil, and afterwards to the purple.
29. Don Fray J uan Laso de la Vega y Cansino. of the religious order of St. P'rancis ; elected in the same year, 1730.
30. Don Pedro Agustin Morel de Santa Cruz ; he governed until 1753.
31. Don Santiago de Echavarria y Elquezaga, native of Cuba ; promoted to the bishopric of Nicaragua in 1753.
Governors and Captains-general who have presided in the island of Cuba.
1. Don Diego Velazquez, native of Cuellar, knight of the order of Santiago, a conqueror and settler of this island, nominated by the Admiral Christopher Columbus in 1511; he governed Avith great applause until his death, in 1524.
2. Manuel de Roxas, native of the same town as was his predecessor, on account of whose death he was nominated to the bishopric, and in remembrance of the great credit he had acquired in the conquest of the island, receiving his appointment at the hands of the audience of St. Domingo, and being confirmed in it by the emperor in 1525 ; he governed until 1538.
3. Hernando de Soto, who governed until 1539.
4. The Licentiate Juan de Avila, until 1545.
5. The Licentiate Antonio de Chaves, until 1547.
6. The Doctor Gonzalo Perez Angulo, until 1549.
7. Diego Mazariegos, until 1554.
8. Garcia Osorio, until 1565.
9. Pedro Melendez de Aviles, until 1568.
10. Don Gabriel de Montalvo, until 1576.
11. The Captain Francisco Carreno, until 1578.
12. The Licentiate Gaspar de Toro, until 1580.
13. Gabriel de Lujan, until 1584.
14. The militia colonel Juan de Texeda, until 1589.
15. Don Juan Maldonado Barrionuevo, until 1596.
CUM
>v1io inhabit the woods lying near the river Cucliigara, bomided by the nation of the Cunmnaes, It is but little known.
CUMBA, a settlement of tlie province and corregimicnto of Luya and Chillaos in Peru.
CUMBAL, a settlement of the province and j corregimknlo of Pastos in the kingdom of Quito.
CUMBAL, a very lofty mountain of this province (Pastos), always covered with snow ; from it rises the river Carlosama, which runs e. and the Mallama, which runs n. In Lat. .54° n.
CUMBAYA, a settlement of the kingdom of Quito, in the corregimiento of the district of Las Cinco Leguas de su Capital.
CUMBERLAND, Bay of, on the most «. coast of America. Its entrance is beneath the polar circle, and it is thought to have a communication with Batlin’s bay to the n. In it are several islands of the same name. The bay was thus called by the English, according to Martiniere, who, however, makes no mention of the islands.
Cumberland, a port of the island of Cuba, anciently called Guantanamo; but the Admiral Vernon and General Werabort, who arrived here in 1741 with a strong squadron, and formed an encampment upon the strand, building at the same time a fort, gave it this name in honour to the Duke of Cumberland. It is one of the best ports in America, and from its size capable of sheltering any number of vessels. The climate is salutary, and the country around abounds in cattle and provisions. Here is also a river of very good fresh water, navigable for some leagues, and named Augusta by the said admiral. It is 20 leagues to the e. of Santiago of Cuba, in lat. 20° 71. and long. 75° 12' w.
Cumberland, another bay, of the island of Juan Fernandez, in the S. sea. It lies between two small ports, and was thus named by Admiral Anson. It is the best in the island, although exposed to the n, wind, and insecure.
Cumberland Cumberland, an island of the province and colony of Georgia, in N. America, near 20 miles distant from the city of Frederick. It has two forts, called William and St. Andrew. The first, which is at the s. extremity, and commands the entrance, called Amelia, is well fortified, and garrisoned with eight cannons. There are also barracks for 220 men, besides store-houses for arms, provisions, and timber.
[Cumberland, a harbour on the e. side of Washington’s isles, on the n, is, coast ofN. Ame-
C U M 559
rica. It lies s. of Skitikise, and n. of Cummashawaa.J
[Cumberland House, one of the Hudson’s bay company’s factories, is situated in New South Wales, in N. America, 158 miles e. n. e. of Hudson’s 'house, on the s. side of Pine island lake. Lat. 53° 58' 7i. Long. 102° w. See Nelson River.]
[Cumberland, a fort in New Brunswick ; situated at the head of the bay of Fundy, on the e. side of its n. branch. It is capable of accommodating 300 men.]
[Cumberland, a county of New Brunswick, which comprehends the lands at the head of the bay of Fundy, on the bason called Chebecton, and the rivers which empty into it. It has several townships ; those which are settled are Cumberland, Sackville, Amherst, Hillsborough, and Hopewell. It is watered by the rivers Au Lac, Missiquash, Napan Macon, Memrarncook, Petcoudia, Chepodi^, and Herbert. The three first rivers are navigable three or four miles for vessels of five tons. The Napan and Macon are shoal rivers ; the Herbert is navigable to its head, 12 miles, in boats ; the others are navigable four or five miles.]
[Cumberland, a town of New Brunswick, in the county of its own name. Here are coal mines.]
[Cumberland, County, in the district of Maine, lies between Y ork and Lincoln counties ; has the Atlantic ocean on the s. and Canada on the w. Its sea-coast, formed into numerous bays, and lined with a multitude of fruitful islands, is nearly 40 miles in extent in a straight line. Saco river, which runs s. e. into the ocean, is the dividing line between this county and York on the s.w. Cape Elizabeth and Casco bay are in this county. Cumberland is divided into 24 townships, of which Portlatid is the chief. It contains 25,450 inhabitants.]
[Cumberland County`, in New Jersey, is bounded s. by Delaware bay, 7i. by Gloucester county, s. e. by cape May, and w. by Salem county. It is divided into seven townships, of which Fairfield and Greenwich are the chief; and contains 8248 inhabitants, of whom 120 are slaves.]
[Cumberland, the «. easternmost township of the state of Rhode Island, Providence county. Pawtucket bridge and falls, in this town, are four miles 71. e. of Providence. • It contains 1964 inhabitants, and is the only town in the state which has no slaves.]
[Cumberland County, in Pennsylvania,, is
CUN
CUP
Ostimiiri in Nueva Espana ; situate 45 leagues from the river Chico.
CUMPLIDA, an island of Paraguay, in the province and government of this name. It issues from an arm thrown out on the w. side of the river, and forms the lake Jayba.
CUMPLIDA, another island, of the Itenes or Guapore, in the province and country of Las Amazonas.
CUMPLIDO, Cayo, an inlet of the N. sea, near the coast of the island of Cuba, the Cayo Romano, and the Cayo de Cruz.
[CUNCHES, Indians of Chile. See index to additional history respecting that country, chap.
CUNDAUE, a settlement of the province and government of Antioquia in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada.
CUNDINAMARCA. See Granada.
Cundurmarca|CUNDURMARCA]], a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxamarquilla in Peru ; annexed to the curacy of its capital.
CUNEN, a settlement of the province and alcaldia mayor of Zacapula in the kingdom of Guatemala.
CUNGAYO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Angaraez in Peru.
CUNGIES, a barbarous nation of Indians, who inhabit the «. of the river Napo, between the rivers Tambur to the e. and the Blanco, a small river, to the w. These infidels are bounded n. by the Ancuteres, and dwell near to the Abijiras and the Icahuates.
[Cuniue|CUNIUE]], a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Cuenca in the kingdom of Quito ; in the district of which are many estates, as those of Pillachiquir, Guanacauri, Tianorte, Pugni, Tambo de Marivina, Alparupaccha, and Chinan.
CUNIUOS, a barbarous and ferocious nation of the province and country of Las Amazonas, to the c. of the river Ucayale, and to the s. of the Maranon. It is very numerous, and extends as far as the mountain of Guanuco, and the shore of the river Beni. These Indians are the friends and allies of the Piros, and were first converted by the regulars of the company of Jesuits, the missionaries of the province of Maynas ; but in 1714 they rose against these holy fathers, and put to death the Father Bicter, a German, and the Licentiate Vazquez, a regular priest, who accompanied the said mission.
[Cuntuquita|CUNTUQUITA]], a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Carabaya ; annexed to the curacy of Coaza.
VtL. I.
561
CUNUMAL, San Geronimo de, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Luya and Chillaos in Peru ; annexed to the curacy of Olto.
[Cunuri|CUNURI]], a settlement of the province and government of Guayana, one of those belonging to the missions held there by the Capuchin fathers. It is on the shore of the river Y uruario, near the settlement of San Joseph de Leonisa.
CUNURIS, a river of the same province as the above settlement (Guyana). It rises in the mountain of Oro, or of Parima, and runs s. until it enters the Maranon, in lat. 2° SO' s. It takes its name from the barbarous nation of Indians who live in the woods bordering upon its shores.
CUPALEN, a river of the province and government of Buenos Ayres. It runs e. and enters the Uruguay, between the rivers Gualeguay and Saspoy.
CUPANDARO, Santiago de, a settlement of the head settlement and alcaldia mayor of Cuiceo in Nueva Espana ; situate on the shore of the lake. It contains 33 families of Indians, who have the peculiarity of being very white and good looking ; they live by fishing in the same lake. The settlement is two leagues from its capital.
CUPE, a large and abundant river of the province and government of Darien, and kingdom of Tierra Fir me. It rises in the mountains in the interior, runs many leagues, collecting the waters of other rivers, and enters the Tuira.
CUPENAME, a river of the province and government of Guayana, or country of the Amazonas, in the part of the Dutch colonies.
CUPl, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Chumbivilcas in the same kingdom ; annexed to the curacy of Toro.
[CUPICA, a bay or small port to the s. e. of Panama, following the coast of the Pacific ocean, from cape S. Miguel to cape Corientes, The name of this bay has acquired celebrity in the kingdom of New Granada, on account of a new plan of communication between the two seas. From Cupica we cross, for five or six marine leagues, a soil quite level and proper for a canal, which would terminate at the Embarcadero of the Rio Naipi ; this last river is navigable, and flows below the village of Zatara into the great Rio Atrato, which itself enters the Atlantic sea. A very intelligent Biscayan pilot, M. Gogueneche, was the first rvho had the merit of turning the attention of government to the bay of Cupica, which ought to be for the new continent what Suez was formerly for Asia. M. Gogueneche proposed to transport the cacao of Guayaquil by the 4 c