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empties into Chesapeak bay, at Love point. It forms an island at its mouth, and by acbannel on the e. side of Kent island, communicates with. Eastern bay. It is proposed to cut a canal, about 1 1 miles long, from Andover creek, a mile and a half from Bridgetown to Salisbury, on Upper Duck creek, which falls into Delaware at Hook island.)
(Chester, a small town in Shannandoah county, Virginia, situate on the point of land formed by the junction of Allen’s or North river and South river, which form the Shannandoah ; 16 miles s. by w. of Winchester. Lat. 39° 4' n. Long. 78° 25' w.)
(Chester County, in Pinckney district, South Carolina, lies in the s.e. corner of the district, on W ateree river, and contains 6866 inhabitants ; of whom 5866 are whites, and 938 slaves. It sends two representatives, but no senator, to the state legislature.)
(Chester, a town in Cumberland county, Virginia ; situate on the s. w. bank of James river, 15 miles n. of Blandford, and six s. of Richmond.)
(CHESTERFIELD, a township in Hampshire county, Massachusetts, 14 mites w. of Northampton. It contains 180 houses, and 1183 inhabitants.)
(Chesterfield, a township in Cheshire county. New Hampshire, on the e. bank of Connecticut river, having Westmoreland n. and Hinsdale s. It was incorporated in 1752, and contains 1905 inhabitants. It lies about 25 miles s. by w. of Charlestown, and about 90 or 100 w. of Portsmouth. About the year 1730, the garrison of fort Dummer was alarmed with frequent explosions, and with columns of fire and smoke, emitted from W est River mountain in th is township , and four miles distant from that fort. The like appearances have been observed at various times since ; particularly, one in 1752 was the most severe of any. There are two places where the rocks bear marks of having been heated and calcined.)
(Chesterfield County, in South Carolina, is in Cheraws district, on the North Carolina line. It is about 30 mites long, and 29 broad.)
Chesterfield County, in Virginia, is between James and Appamatox rivers. It is about 30 miles long, and 25 broad ; and contains 14,214 inhabitants, including 7487 slaves.)
(Chesterfield Inlet, on the w. side of Hudson’s bay, in New South Wales, upwards of 200 miles in length, and from 10 to 30 in breadth ; full of islands.)
(CHESTERTOWN, a post-town and the capital of Kent county, Maryland, on the w. side of
Chester river, 16 miles s.w. of Georgetown, 38 e. by s. from Baltimore, and 81 s.w. of Philadel* phia. It contains about 140 houses, a church, college, court-house, and gaol. The college was incorporated in 1782, by the name of Washington. It is under the direction of 24 trustees, who are empowered to supply vacancies and hold, estates, whose yearly value shall not exceed 6000/. currency. In 1787 it had a permanent fund of 1250/. a year settled upon it by law. Lat. 39° 12' n. Long. 76° 10' cc;.)
CHETIMACHAS, a river of the province and government of Louisiana. It is an arm of the Mississippi, which runs s. e. and enters the sea on the side of the bay of Asuncion or Ascension. [On the Chetiraachas, six leagues from the Mississippi, there is a settlement of Indians of the same name ; and thus far it is uniformly 100 yards broad, and from two to four fathoms cleep, vfhen the water is lowest. Some drifted logs have formed a shoal at its mouth on the Mississippi ; but as the water is deep under them they could be easily removed; and the Indians say there is nothing to impede navigation from their village to the gulf. The banks are more elevated than those of the Mississippi, and in some places are so high as never to be overflowed. The natural productions are the same as on the Mississippi, but the soil, from the extraordinary size and compactness of the canes, is superior. If measures were adopted and pursued with a view to improve this communication, there would soon be on its banks the most prosperous and important settlements in that colony.)
(Chetimachas, Grand Lake of, in Loui-. siana, near the mouth of the Mississippi, is 24 miles long, and nine broad. Lake de Portage, which is 13 miles long, and If broad, communicates with this lake at the n. end, by a strait a quarter of a mile wide. The country bordering on these lakes is low and flat, timbered with cypress, live and other kinds of oak ; and on the €. side, the land between it and the Chafalaya river is divided by innumerable streams, which occasion as many islands. Some of these streams are* navigable. A little distance from the s. e. short? of the lake Chetimachas, is an island where persons passing that way generally halt as a resting place. Nearly opposite this island there is an opening which leads to the sea. It is about 150 yards wide, and has 16 or 17 fathoms water.)
CHETO, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Luya and Chillaos in Peru ; to the curacy of which is annexed the extensive valley of Huaillabamba, in the province of Chnchapoyas.
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CHETU, Santissima Trinidad de, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxamarca in Peru.
CHEUELUS, or CHAVELOS, a barbarous nation of Indians of the country of Marañon, who inhabit the woods bordeiing upon the river Aguarico, to the e. and in the vicinity of the lakes. They arc warlike, of a cruel and treacherous nature, and in eternal enmity with their neighbours. M. de la Martiniere will have it, that the name Chavelos is derived from the French wovd chevezLV, the men and the women both allowing and encouraging the growth of their hair till it reaches down to the waist ; supposing, forsooth, that these Indians must either have known French when they were discovered, or that their discoverers, at all events, must have been French.
CHEURA, a river of the province and government of Esmeraldas in the kingdom of Quito. It runs w. ?z. e. and e. washing the country of the ancient Esmeraldas Indians: it afterwards entersthe river of its name on the e. side, in lat. 1° 23' n.
CHEWOCHEE, a settlement of North Carolina ; situate on the skirt of the mountains of Tclliquo.
CHIA, a settlement of the corregimiento of Zipaquira in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; celebrated in the time of the Indians for having been the title of the kings ox npas of Bogota; the investiture of which dignity was always transferred with the greatest possible solemnity. It is of a very cold temperature, although salutary ; and is situate on a beautiful plain, on the shore of the river Bogota, four leagues to the n. of Santa F6.
CHIAMILA, a head settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Motines in Nueva España, contains SO families of Indians.
CHIAMOTO. See Seyota.
CHIANTLA, a settlement of the province and nlcaldia mayor of Chiapa in the kingdom of Guatemala.
CHIAPA, a province and alcaldia mayor of the kingdom of Guatemala ; bounded on the«. by the province of Tabasco, c. by that of Vera Paz, w. by that of Oaxaca of Nueva Espaha, and s. e. by that of Soconusco. It extends 85 leagues from e. to w. and is nearly 30 across at its widest part. It was conquered by Captain Diego Marariegos in 1531 : is divided into districts or alcaldias mayores^ which are those of Zoques, Chontales, Los Llanos, and Xiquipila ; is of a warm and moist temperature, although it has some parts in which the cold predominates. Its woods abound with large trees of pine, cypress, cedar, and walnut; and of others of a resinous kind, from which
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are extracted aromatic gums, balsams, and liquid amber, tacamaca, copal, &c. It produces also, in abundance, maize, swine, honey, cotton, cochineal, which is only made use of for the purpose of dyeing the cotton ; also cacao, and much pepper and achoie, or the heart-leaved bixa'; also vfirious kinds of domestic and wild birds, especially parrots, which are very beautiful and highly esteemed ; a small bird, called tolo, less than a young pigeon, with green wings ; this is caught by the Indians, who pluck from its tail some feathers, Avhich they prize highly, and then restoring it to liberty; it being a capital offence, according to their laws, to destroy it. The sheep, goats, and pigs, which have been brought from Europe, have multipled in this province in a most extraordinary manner ; so also have horses, which are of such an esteemed breed, that the colts are taken from hence to Mexico, a distance of 500 miles. In the woods breed many lions, leopards, tigers, and wild boars, a great number of snakes, some being 20 feet in length, and others of a beautiful crimson colour, streaked with black and white. Tlie territory is, for the most part, rugged and mountainous, and watered by different rivers : none of these, however, are of any particular consideration, although that which bears the name of this province is the medium by which the aforesaid productions are carried to the other provinces ; and although this province may be accounted comparatively poor, from being without mines of gold or silver, it is nevertheless of the greatest importance, as being the outwork or barrier to New Spain, from the facility with which this kingdom might be entered by the river Tabasco. The capital is the royal city of Chiapa, situate on a delightful plain. It is the head of a bishopric, erected in 1538; and has for arms a shield, upon which arc two sierras, with a river passing between them : above the one is a golden castle, with a lion rampant upon it ; and above the other a green palm, bearing fruit, and another lion, the whole being upon a red field. These arms were granted by the Emperor Charles V. in 1535. The cathedral is very beautiful. It contains three convents of the order of St. Francis, La Merced, and St. Domingo ; a monastery of nuns, and five hermitages. Its population is scanty and poor, and the principal commerce consists in cocoa-nuts, cotton, wool, sugar, cochineal, and other articles. Its nobility, although poor, are very proud, as having descended from some ancient families of the first nobility of Spain ; such as those of Mendoza, Velasco, Cortes, &c. The women suffer great debility at the stomach on account of the excessive heat, ami they can never
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fast for a long time together : they consequently cat frequently ; the common food on these occasions being cJmcolatc, and which is even handed to them whilst at church. This irreverence the bishop very properly proclaimed against ; but it is said that this execution of his duty cost him no less than his life. It is 100 leagues distant from Guatemala. Lat. 17'^ 4'. Long. 93° 53'.
CHIAPA, another city in the same province, which, to distinguish it from the former, is called Cliiapa de los Indios; these (the Indians) being, for the most part, its inhabitants ; is the largest settlement in the whole province, and is situate in a valley close upon the river Tabasco, being 12 leagues distant from the former city. It has various churches, abounds in wealth, and is the place wherein the Indian families first settled. They enjoy many privileges and exemptions, owing to the zeal of the bishop, J^rtr/y Bartolorae de las Casas, their procurator at court. The river abounds greatly in fine fish ; and is full of barks, with which the}" occasionally represent sea-fights. In the city also there are commonly balls, plays, concerts, bull-fights, and spectacles of horsemanship ; since the inhabitants are much given to diversions, and in these grudge no expence.
Bishops of Chiapa.
1. Don Fray Juan de Arteaga y Avendano, native of Estepa in Andalucia ; elected in 1541 : he died in the same year in Mexico, before he arrived at his church.
2. Don Fray Bartolome de las Casas, a man renowned lor his zeal in favour of the Indians ; he was born at Seville, where he studied, and passed over to the island of St. Domingo, where he said the first mass ever celebrated in that part of the world. He returned to Spain, in 1515, to declaim against the tyrannies which were practised against the Indians. He went back the following year to jNueva Espana, where he took the habit of a monk of St. Dominic ; and returning a second time to Spain, he was presented by the Emperor to the bishopric of Chiapa, which office he did not accept ; blit was afterwards prevailed upon to do so by the united entreaties of the whole of his order ; he therefore entered upon it in 1544. He then left the bishopric, and returned, for the third time, to Spain ; and having retired to his convent of Valladolid, died in 1550.
3. Don Fray Tomas Casillas, also of the order of St. Dominic ; he was sub-prior of the convent of Salamanca, and passed over to America with Fray Bartolome de las Casas. Being renowned for the great zeal which he manifested in tlie conversion of the infidel Indians, he was nominated
to be bishop in 1560 ; which office he accepted at the express command of its general. He made the visitation of all his bishopric, and died full of virtues, in 1567.
4. Don Fray Domingo de Lara, of the order of St. Domingo ; he made so strong a refusal of his election, his renunciation of the office not having been admitted, that he prayed to God that he might die before that the bulls should arrive from Rome; and this was actually the case, since he departed this life in 1572, before he was consecrated.
5. Don Fray Alonzo de Noroila, who governed the church here seven years, and had for successor,
6. Don Fray Pedro de Feria, native of the town of this name in Estreraadura, a monk of the order of St. Dominic; he passed over to America, was prior of the convent of Mexico, and provincial of that province ; he returned to Spain, refused the general visitation to which he was appointed, and retiree! to his convent of Salamanca ; was presented with the bishopric of Chiapa, which he also refused ; but being commanded by his superiors, he afterwards accepted it, and governed 14 years, until 1588, when he died.
7. Don Fray Andres de Ubilla, of the order of St. Dominic, and native of the province of Guipuzcoa ; he took the habit in Mexico, where he studied and read the arls, and was twice prior and provincial of the province ; he came to Spain on affairs touching his religion, and returning to Mexico, found himself presented to this bishopric in 1592, where he governed until 1601, when he died, having been first promoted to the archbishopric of Mechoacan.
8. Don Lucas Duran, a friar of the order of Santiago, chaplain of honour to his Majesty ; who immediately tiiat he was consecrated bishop of Chiapa, renounced his power, and the see was then vacant nine years.
9. Don Fray Juan Gonzalez de Mendoza, native of Toledo, a monk of the order of St. Augustin ; he passed over to America, was made bishop of Lipari, and titular in the archbishopric of Toledo ; and lastly of Chiapa, in 1607 ; from whence he was promoted in the following year to Popayan.
10. Don Tomas Blanes, native of Valencia, of the order of St. Dominic ; he passed over to Peru, where he resided many years, studying arts and theology ; he assisted in the visitation of the province of St. Domingo, and having come to Spain, he was presented to the bishopric in 1609, holding the government until 1612, when he died.
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11. Don Juan Zapata y Sandoval, native of Mexico, of the order of St. Augustin ; he came to Spain, was regent of the college of San Gabriel de Valladolid, and elected bishop of Chiapa in 1612 ; then promoted to the archbishopric of Guatemala in' 1622.
12. Don Bernardino de Salazar y Frias, native of Burgos, canon of Jaen, .collegiate in the college of San Antonio de Portaceli de Siguenza ; presented to the bishopric in 1622 : he died in 1623.
13. Don Alonzo Munoz, dean of the holy church of Mexico, professor of theology ; he died before he was consecrated.
14. Don Agustin Ugarte de Saravia, elected in 1628 ; he was promoted in 1630 to the archbishopric of Guatemala.
15. Don Fray Marcos Ramirez de Prado, of the order of St. Francis, native of Madrid ; he studied in Salamanca arts and theology with great credit, was guardian of the convent of Lucena, vice-commissary general of the Indies, and guardian of the convent of Granada, when he was elected bishop of Chiapa in 1632 ; he entered its church in 1635, and was promoted to that of Mechoacan in 1639.
16. Don Fray Christoval de Lazarraga, a monk of the order of St. Bernard, native of Madrid, was master and professor in Salamanca, abbot of the monastery of that city, and qualificator of the inquisition ; he was presented to the bishopric of Chiapa in 1639, and promoted to that of Cartagena of the Indies in 1641.
17. Don Fray Domingo de Villaescusa, a monk of the order of St. Jerome, collegian in the college of San Lorenzo el Real, prior of the monastery of Espeja, and of those of Parral de Segovia, of San Geronimo de Guisando of Madrid, visitor of the two Castillas, and general of his order ; was presented to the bishopric of Chiapa in 1641, governed until 165 1 , when he was promoted to the church of Y ucatan.
18. Don JFrqy Francisco Nunez de la Vega, a monk of the order of St. Dominic.
19. Don Christoval Bernardo de Quiros, native of Tordelaguna, canon of the churches of Arequipa, Quito, and of Lima, pro visor and vicargeneral of the archbishopric, and judge of the inquisition ; he was elected in 1660, and was promoted to the archbishopric of Popayan in 1670.
20. Don Manuel Fernandez de Santa Cruz y Sahagun, a native of Palencia in Castilla de Cuenca, in the university of Salamanca, first canon of Segovia, was elected in 1672, and before he arrived was promoted to Guadalaxara.
21. Don
22. Don
23. Don J uan Bautista Alvarez de Toledo, na-
tive of the town of San Salvador, in the province of G uatemala, of the religious order of St. Francis, professor in his religion, and prelate of many convents ; he was elected in 1708, and promoted to the archbishopric of Guatemala in 1714. ,
24. Don
25. Don Fray Joseph Cubero Ramirez de Arellano, a monk of the order of Nuestra Senora de la Merced ; elected in 1734, governed 19 years, until 1753, when he died.
26. Don Fray Joseph Vidal de Montezuma, of the order of Nuestra Senora de la Merced, a native of Mexico ; elected in 1753, governed till 1767, when he died.
27. Don Miguel de Cilieza y Velasco ;• elected in the above year, governed until 1768, when he died.
28. Don Fray Lucas Ramirez, of the order of St. Francis ; he was promoted to the archbishopric of Santa Fe in 1769.
29. Don Fray Juan Manuel de Vargas y Rivera, a native of Lima, monk of the order of Nuestra Senora de la Merced ; elected in the aforesaid year of 1769, governed until 1774, when he died.
30. Don Antonio Caballero y Gongora, until the following year of 1775, when he was promoted to the church of Yucatan.
31. Don Francisco Polanco, until 1785, when he died ; and,
32. Don Joseph Martinez Palomino Lopez de Lerena, elected in 1786.
Chiapa, with the appellation of Mota, a settlement of the alcaldia mayor of Xilotepec in Nucva Espana. It contains 960 families of Otomies Indians, and is seven leagues to the n. w. of its capital.
CHIAPANTONGO, a settlement and head settlement of the district of the alcaldia mayor of Xilotepec in Nueva Espana ; annexed to the curacy of its capital, from whence it lies two leaffues to the n. It contains 102 familes of Indians.
CHIAPAS, a settlement of the province and government of Cinaloa.
CHIAPILLA, a settlement of the province and alcaldia mayor of Chiapa, and kingdom of Guatemala, in the district of its capital.
CHIARA, a settlement of the province and bishopric of Huamanga in Peru ; annexed to the curacy of the parish of Santa Maria Magdalena in that city, from whence it is three leagues distant.
CHIAUTLA, S. Andres De, a settlement and head settlement of the alcaldia mayor of Tezcoco
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in Nueva Espana, is of a mild temperature ; situate in a pleasant and fertile plain, and one which abounds in maize, wheat, and other seeds. It contains S68 families of Indians, 13 of Spaniards, and a convent of the religious order of St. Francis; is one league n. of its capital,
Chiautla, with the addition of La Sal, another settlement, the capital of its jurisdiction, in the same kingdom, thus called from the salt mines found in it formerly, and from which the inhabitants used to derive a great commerce. At present it is in a thorough state of decay, not only as its trade has fallen off in the other provinces ; but as the Indians have applied themselves rather to the cultivation of the soil and the planting of fruits and pulse, from the traffic of which they derive their maintenance. It is inhabited by 650 families of Mexican Indians, and 40 of Spaniards, J\/us~ iees, and Mulattoes. It contains a convent of the religious order of St. Augustin. The jurisdiction is so much reduced that it is not more than five leagues in length and three in width, void of commerce, and has but a small revenue. Its inhabitants, although they are somewhat given to the breeding of small cattle, yet this must hardly be considered with them a branch of commerce, since they have scarcely enough of these wherewith to support theiiiselves. It contains only two other settlements, and these are,
Xicotlan, Huehetlan.
| Forty-five leagues s. e. | to the s. w. of Mexico. |
|---|
CHIBATA, a settlement of the . province and corregimiento of Tunja in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, and the head settlement of the corregimiento of Indies, is of a very cold and fresh temperature, abounding in productions, and particularly in cattle, from the fleeces and hides of which are made quantities of blankets, linen cloths, and other articles for garments. It may contain about 200 Indians, and it is eight leagues to the n. e. of Tunja, lying between this latter place and the settlement of Siachoque.
CHIBAI, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Collahuas in Peru.
CHICA, an island of the N. sea, one of the Lucayas ; situate between the islands Siguate and St. Andrew. The English gave it the name of Little.
CHICACHAE, a settlement of the province and government of Louisiana or S. Carolina, in which the English have a fort and establishment to carry
on commerce with the Indians, is situated on the shore of the river Sonlahove.
CHICACHAS, a settlement of Indians of this nation, in the territory thus called, where the English have an establishment or factory for commerce.
CHICAGOU, a port of Canada, on the w. side of the lake Michigan.
Chicagou, a river of the same province and government, which runs s. then ?i. e. and enters the former port.
CHICAHOMINI, a river of the province and colony of Virginia, runs s.e. and turning its course to the s. enters the Thames.
CHICAHUASCO, a settlement of the head settlement of Huipuxtla, and alcaldia mayor of Tepetango, in Nueva Espana, contains 72 families of Indians.
CHICAHUASTEPEC, San Miguel de, a settlement of the head settlement of Zoyaltepec, and alcaldia mayor of Yanguitlan. It contains 48 families of Indians, and is 10 leagues from its head settlement.
CHICAHUAZTLA, San Andres de, a settlement and head settlement of the alcaldia mayor of Tepozcolula, in the province and bishopric of Oaxaca, in the kingdom of Nueva Espana, is of a cold temperature, inhabited by 332 families of Indians, including those of the settlements or wards of its district, and they maintain themselves by bartering cotton garments for salt on the coast of Xicayan ; 12 leagues s. w. of its capital.
Chicahuaztla, another, a small settlement or ward of the alcaldia mayor of Guachinango in the same kingdom ; annexed to the curacy of that of Tlaola.
CHICAMA, a large, fertile, and beautiful valley of the province and corregimiento of Truxillo in Peru. It was one of the most populous in the times of the gentilisra of the Indians, owing to its agreeable and benign temperature : is watered by a river of its name, which divides it from that of Chimu. In 1540, the friar Domingo de Santo Tomas founded here a convent of his order, for the instruction of the Indians, which immediately was turned into a priory and a house for noviciates. It is at present, however, fallen into decay, through the ravages of time. This valley is six leagues from the capital, to the n. in the road which leads to the provinces of Quito, Sana, and Piura.
Chicama, a river of this province and corregimiento. It rises in the province of Guamachuco, from two very lofty mountains, called Y ulcaguanca and Yanaguanca, to the n. e . ; and waters and fer-