535

535

CRUZ.

CRUZ, Santa, de la Sierra, a province
and government of Peru, bounded n. by that of
Moxos, e. by tlie territory of the Chiquitos In-
dians, s. by the infidel Chirigiianos and Chanaes
Indians, s, w. by the province of Tomina, and w.
by that of Mizqiie. it is an extensive plain, which
on the w. side is covered with Indian dwellings
and grazing farms, as far as the river called Grande
or Huapay. It extends 28 leagues s. as far as the
same river, 18 ra. as far as the foot of the cordillera,
and 24 n. being altogether covered with various es-
tates, as indeed arc the parts on the other side of the
cordillera. It lies very low, and is free both from
the extreme cold and parching heat of the serra-
mas, altliough the other provinces of this bishop-
ric, which lie close by this province, are much
infested with the same variations of climate. It
is, however, of a hot aiul moist temperature, and
the country is mountainous ; on its plains are
found various kinds of wood, good for building,
and amongst the rest, a sort of palm, the heart of
which is used for making the frame works to win-
dows of temples and houses, and it is generally
cut to the length of 1 1 feet ; there is another kind
of palm, which is called montaqui, the leaves of
which serve for covering the houses of the poor,
and the shoots or buds for making a very argree-
able sallad ; the heart of the tree is reduced to a
flour, of wliich sweet cakes are made, and eaten
instead of bread, for in this province neither
wheat nor vines are cultivated, the climate being
unfavourable to both. It abounds in various
species of canes, which serve to bind together the
timbers of w hich the houses are constructed ; one
of these species is called huembe, with which bells,
though of great w'eight, are hung. In this pro-
vince are all kinds of fruits, various birds, tigers,
bears, wild boars, deer, and other wild animals ;
amongst the fruits of the wild trees are some w'hich
grow, not upon the branches, but upon the trunk
itself; that which is called huaipuru resembles a
large cherry in colour and flavour, and this,
as well as others which are equally well tasted,
serve as food for an infinite variety of birds ; an
equal abundance of fish is likewise found in the
neighbouring rivers. Here is cultivated rice,
also maize, sugar-cane, j/ucas, camotes, See. and
some wild wax is found in the trunks of trees ; be-
ing furnished by various kinds of bees. At the
distazice of 20 leagues to the s. of the capital, are
four settlements of Chiriguanos Indians, governed
by their own captains, but subject, in some mea-
sure, to this government, from being in friendship
Avith it, and trading with the Spaniards in wax,
cotton, and maize. Hitherto its natives have been

averse to embracing the Catholic religion, but in
the incursions that have been made against us by
the barbarians, they have beeiTdver ready to lend
us their assistance, and in fact form for us an out-
work of defence. In the aforesaid four settlements
are 500 Indians, ivho are skilled in the use of the
arrow and the lance, and are divided from the
other barbarians of the same nation by the river
Grande or Huapay. This river runs from Char-
cas to thee, by the side of the province of Tomina,
and which, after making a bend in the figure of an
half-moon, on tlie e. side of the province of Santa
Cruz, enters the Marmore, first receiving another
river describing a similar course, and known by
the name of the Pirapiti. On the e. and on the
opposite side, are some settlements of Chanaes In-
dians, the territory of whom is called Isofo. To
the s. andv. zso. towards the frontiers of Tarija, and
still further on, are very many settlements of the
infidel Chiriguanos Indians; and in the valley of
Ingre alone, which is eight leagues long, we find
26 ; and in some of these the religious Franciscan
order of the college of Tarija have succeeded in
making converts, though as yet in no consider-
able numbers. These Indians are the most va-
lorous, perfidious, and inconstant of all the na-
tions lying to the e, of the river Paraguay ; 4000
of them once fled for fear of meeting chastisement
for their having traitorously put to death the Cap-
tain Alexo Garcia, a Portuguese, in the time of
Don Juan III. king of Portugal; they were
cannibals, and used to fatten their prisoners before
they killed them for their banquets. Their trea-
ties Avith the Spaniards, and the occasional visits
these have been obliged to pay them in their ter-
ritories, havm induced them nearly to forget this
abominable practice ; but their innate cruelty still
exists, and particularly against the neighbouring
nations, upon Avhom they look down Avith the
greatest scorn ; they have increased much, and are
now one of the most numerous nations in America;
they are extremely cleanly, so much so that they
Avill go down to the rivers to Avash themselves even
at midnight, and in the coldest season. The Avomen
also, immediately after parturition, plunge them-
selves into the Avater, and coming home, lay them-
selves down upon a liltle mound of sand, Avhich,
for this purpose, they have in their houses. The
inhabitants of this province amount to 16,000, and
besides the capital, Avhich is San Lorenzo de la
Frontera, there are only the following settle-
ments :

Porongo, Chilon,

Samaipata, Desposorios,

Valle Grazidc, Santa Ro>a,

SANTA CRUZ, de la Sierra, Provincia y Gobierno del Perú: confina por el N con la de Moxos: por el E con el territorio de los Indios Chiquitos: por el S con los Indios infieles Chiriguanes y Chanaes: por el SO con la de Tomina, y por el O con la de Mizque: es una dilatada campaña que por el O tiene 12 leguas pobladas de chacras y estancias de ganados hasta un río que llaman Grande o de Huapay: por el S tiene 28 leguas hasta el mismo rio, por el Poniente 18 hasta el pie de la Cordillera, y por el N 24, igualmente ocupadas de varias haciendas, como a la otra parte de la Cordillera: es muy baxa su situación, y libre de la intemperie fria y áridas de las Serranías, lo que es común a las demás Provincias de este Obispado por estar situadas hacia la misma parte: es de temperamento cálido y húmedo y País montuoso: liene en sus llanos muy buenas maderas para fábricas, y entre ellas una especie de palmas, que divididas por medio y sacado el corazón, sirven de rejas para templos y casas, y cada una suele tener 11 pies de largo: hay otra palma que llaman mor taqui, cuyas hojas sirven a la gente pobre para cubrir sus casas, y de su cogollo o palmito se hacen ensaladas muy gustosas, el corazón se reduce a harina de que hacen tortas dulces que sirven en lugar de pan, porque en esta Provincia no se siembra trigo, ni se coge vino, pues no lo permite el clima: abunda én mucha especie de bejucos que sirven para atar las maderas con que fabrican las casas, y uno que llaman huembé con que cuelgan las campanas aunque sean de mucho peso: hay en esta Provincia todo género de frutas, muchas aves, y también tigres y osos, javalíes, venados y otras fieras: entre las frutas de árboles silvestres, hay algunas que no nacen en las ramas, sino pegadas al mismo tronco: la que llaman Huaipurú es como una guinda grande en color y sabor, y así ésta como otras que hay de buen gusto son por lo común pasto de páxaros de que hay abundancia, como de pescado en los rios comarcanos: cultivan arroz, maiz, cañas de azúcar, yucas, camotes, etc., y alguna cera de los troncos de los árboles que fabrican varias especies de abejas: a distancia de 20 leguas al S de la Capital se hallan 4 Pueblos de Indios Chiriguanos, gobernados por sus Capitanes, sujetos en algún modo a este Gobierno por ser amigos y tener comercio de cera, algodón y maiz con los Españoles: hasta ahora no han querido abrazar la Religión, pero en las incursiones que han solido hacer 1 los bárbaros, y entradas de los nuestros res han ayudado siempre con gran fidelidad, y, sirven de antemural por aquella parte: hay en los dichos 4 Pueblos 500 Indios de flecha y lanza, a los quales divide de los demás bárbaros de su nación el río Grande o Huapay, que corre de Charcas al Oriente, por un lado deja Provincia de Tomina, y dando una vuelta en forma de media luna por la parte Oriental de la de Santa Cruz, entra en el Mamoré, recibiendo antes otro de la misma figura, pero mas distante nombrado Pirapiti: a la parte del SE al otro lado hay algunos Pueblos de Indios Chanaes, cuyo territorio se llama Isofó: al S y SO hasta las Fronteras de Tarija, y aun mas allá se hallan muchísimos Pueblos de Indios infieles Chiriguanos, y solo en el. Valle de Ingré. que tiene 8 leguas de largo se cuentan 263 en algunos de los quales rían establecido conversiones los Religiosos Franciscanos del Colegio de Tanja, pero hasta ahora con poco fruto: estos Indios son los mas valerosos, pérfidos é inconstantes entre todas aquellas naciones que caen a la parte, Oriental del río Paraguay: 40de ellos vinieron; huyendo temerosos de ser castigados por haber muerto a traición al Capitán Alexo García Portugués, en tiempo de Don Juan III. Rey de Portugal: eran antropófagos o comedores de carne humana, y engordaban a sus prisioneros para los banquetes: el trato y comercio con los Españoles que han permitido algunas veces entrar a sus tierras les ha hecho olvidar esta abominable costumbre; pero no la innata crueldad con las naciones vecinas que miran con el mayor desprecio: se han propagado mucho, pues hoy son una de las mas numerosas de la América, tienen mucho aseo, de modo que a la media noche baxan a los rios a lavarse aun en los mayores fríos, y sus mugeres luego que paren hacen lo mismo, y a la vuelta se meten en un montón de arena que para esto tienen en sus casas: los habitantes de esta Provincia llegan a 160, y solo tiene los Pueblos siguientes, ademas de la Capital que es San Lorenzo de la Frontera.
Porongo.
Samaipata.
Valle Grande.
Chilon.
Desposorios.
Santa Rosa.

535

CRUZ.

CRUZ, Santa, de la Sierra, a province
and government of Peru, bounded n. by that of
Moxos, e. by tlie territory of the Chiquitos In-
dians, s. by the infidel Chirigiianos and Chanaes
Indians, s, w. by the province of Tomina, and w.
by that of Mizqiie. it is an extensive plain, which
on the w. side is covered with Indian dwellings
and grazing farms, as far as the river called Grande
or Huapay. It extends 28 leagues s. as far as the
same river, 18 ra. as far as the foot of the cordillera,
and 24 n. being altogether covered with various es-
tates, as indeed arc the parts on the other side of the
cordillera. It lies very low, and is free both from
the extreme cold and parching heat of the serra-
mas, altliough the other provinces of this bishop-
ric, which lie close by this province, are much
infested with the same variations of climate. It
is, however, of a hot aiul moist temperature, and
the country is mountainous ; on its plains are
found various kinds of wood, good for building,
and amongst the rest, a sort of palm, the heart of
which is used for making the frame works to win-
dows of temples and houses, and it is generally
cut to the length of 1 1 feet ; there is another kind
of palm, which is called montaqui, the leaves of
which serve for covering the houses of the poor,
and the shoots or buds for making a very argree-
able sallad ; the heart of the tree is reduced to a
flour, of wliich sweet cakes are made, and eaten
instead of bread, for in this province neither
wheat nor vines are cultivated, the climate being
unfavourable to both. It abounds in various
species of canes, which serve to bind together the
timbers of w hich the houses are constructed ; one
of these species is called huembe, with which bells,
though of great w'eight, are hung. In this pro-
vince are all kinds of fruits, various birds, tigers,
bears, wild boars, deer, and other wild animals ;
amongst the fruits of the wild trees are some w'hich
grow, not upon the branches, but upon the trunk
itself; that which is called huaipuru resembles a
large cherry in colour and flavour, and this,
as well as others which are equally well tasted,
serve as food for an infinite variety of birds ; an
equal abundance of fish is likewise found in the
neighbouring rivers. Here is cultivated rice,
also maize, sugar-cane, j/ucas, camotes, See. and
some wild wax is found in the trunks of trees ; be-
ing furnished by various kinds of bees. At the
distazice of 20 leagues to the s. of the capital, are
four settlements of Chiriguanos Indians, governed
by their own captains, but subject, in some mea-
sure, to this government, from being in friendship
Avith it, and trading with the Spaniards in wax,
cotton, and maize. Hitherto its natives have been

averse to embracing the Catholic religion, but in
the incursions that have been made against us by
the barbarians, they have beeiTdver ready to lend
us their assistance, and in fact form for us an out-
work of defence. In the aforesaid four settlements
are 500 Indians, ivho are skilled in the use of the
arrow and the lance, and are divided from the
other barbarians of the same nation by the river
Grande or Huapay. This river runs from Char-
cas to thee, by the side of the province of Tomina,
and which, after making a bend in the figure of an
half-moon, on tlie e. side of the province of Santa
Cruz, enters the Marmore, first receiving another
river describing a similar course, and known by
the name of the Pirapiti. On the e. and on the
opposite side, are some settlements of Chanaes In-
dians, the territory of whom is called Isofo. To
the s. andv. zso. towards the frontiers of Tarija, and
still further on, are very many settlements of the
infidel Chiriguanos Indians; and in the valley of
Ingre alone, which is eight leagues long, we find
26 ; and in some of these the religious Franciscan
order of the college of Tarija have succeeded in
making converts, though as yet in no consider-
able numbers. These Indians are the most va-
lorous, perfidious, and inconstant of all the na-
tions lying to the e, of the river Paraguay ; 4000
of them once fled for fear of meeting chastisement
for their having traitorously put to death the Cap-
tain Alexo Garcia, a Portuguese, in the time of
Don Juan III. king of Portugal; they were
cannibals, and used to fatten their prisoners before
they killed them for their banquets. Their trea-
ties Avith the Spaniards, and the occasional visits
these have been obliged to pay them in their ter-
ritories, havm induced them nearly to forget this
abominable practice ; but their innate cruelty still
exists, and particularly against the neighbouring
nations, upon Avhom they look down Avith the
greatest scorn ; they have increased much, and are
now one of the most numerous nations in America;
they are extremely cleanly, so much so that they
Avill go down to the rivers to Avash themselves even
at midnight, and in the coldest season. The Avomen
also, immediately after parturition, plunge them-
selves into the Avater, and coming home, lay them-
selves down upon a liltle mound of sand, Avhich,
for this purpose, they have in their houses. The
inhabitants of this province amount to 16,000, and
besides the capital, Avhich is San Lorenzo de la
Frontera, there are only the following settle-
ments :

Porongo, Chilon,

Samaipata, Desposorios,

Valle Grazidc, Santa Ro>a,